{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:01:55Z","timestamp":1732032115387},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,19]],"date-time":"2006-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) for anaemia in three groups of children aged 2\u2003months to 2\u2003years (sick children, those visiting an immunization clinic and a community\u2010based random sample of children) and a sample of pregnant women.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Finger\u2010prick blood samples were taken from all consenting participants. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels from the HCS were compared with results from a HemoCue<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup> portable haemoglobinometer. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for the HCS were calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 457 sick children, 336 children visiting immunization clinics, 454 children from the community at large and 643 pregnant women participated. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb\u2003&lt;\u200311\u2003g\/dl) in these groups was 87%, 79%, 74% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence of severe anaemia (Hb\u2003&lt;\u20037\u2003g\/dl) was 24%, 11%, 10% and 2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the HCS for anaemia ranged from 60% to 79% and specificity from 59% to 94%. The sensitivity of the HCS for severe anaemia ranged from 24% to 63% and the specificity from 97% to 100%. Through use of the HCS, the proportion of sick, anaemic children visiting peripheral health facilities diagnosed and treated for anaemia would increase from 3% to 65%.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> In an area with high prevalence of anaemia among sick children, use of the HCS has the potential to significantly increase the proportion of sick, anaemic children who are diagnosed with anaemia and given appropriate treatment. Further evaluations of the effect of the use of the HCS on treatment practices at the health facility level are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01721.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,19]],"date-time":"2006-09-19T13:18:30Z","timestamp":1158671910000},"page":"1679-1687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale for diagnosis of anaemia in children and pregnant women as used by primary health care nurses and community health workers in western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kim A.","family":"Lindblade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumbu","family":"Mwololo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Van Eijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Slutsker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.1151","article-title":"Health and demographic surveillance in rural western Kenya: a platform for evaluating interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases","volume":"70","author":"Adazu K","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"SAS 9.1","author":"SAS Institute Inc.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"The utility of pallor detecting anemia in under five years old children","volume":"38","author":"Getaneh T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ethiopian Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.16","article-title":"Impact of permethrin\u2010treated bed nets on entomologic indices in an area of intense year\u2010round malaria transmission","volume":"68","author":"Gimnig JE","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00177-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Using clinical signs to diagnose anaemia in African children","volume":"73","author":"Luby SP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00520.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.3","article-title":"The efficacy of permethrin\u2010treated bednets on child mortality and morbidity in western Kenya. 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