{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:53:29Z","timestamp":1791165209795,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study reports isoenzyme polymorphism of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> strains isolated in different regions of Portugal between 1982 and 2005. A total of 213 strains were obtained from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolated from immunocompetent patients (adults and children) and immunocompromised adults, as well as from dogs and sandflies. Four zymodemes were identified: MON\u20101, MON\u201024, MON\u201029 and MON\u201080. Zymodeme MON\u20101 was identified in 96.7% of the strains, predominating in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients, and it was the only zymodeme isolated from dogs. Isoenzyme diversity in HIV\u2010infected patients was higher than in the immunocompetent group, in which all the strains from visceral leishmaniasis were MON\u20101. The domestic dog was confirmed as the reservoir host of zoonotic leishmaniasis in Portugal and <jats:italic>Phlebotomus perniciosus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Phlebotomus ariasi<\/jats:italic> as vectors. The overall low enzyme polymorphism observed in the Portuguese foci contrasts with the neighbouring foci in Spain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01728.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T09:03:44Z","timestamp":1159175024000},"page":"1708-1714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Leishmaniasis in Portugal: enzyme polymorphism of <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i> based on the identification of 213 strains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Campino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pratlong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Abranches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010A.","family":"Rioux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Santos\u2010Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Alves\u2010Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ramada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Cristov\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. O.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Dedet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Kala\u2010Azar in Portugal. V. The sylvatic cycle in the enzootic endemic focus of Arrabida","volume":"8","author":"Abranches P","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"O Kala\u2010Azar em Portugal \u2013 VI. Inqu\u00e9rito Epidemiol\u00f3gico realizado na regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Lisboa: Interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o da estrutura de din\u00e2mica do Foco End\u00e9mico","volume":"151","author":"Abranches P","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jornal da Sociedade das Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas de Lisboa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Portugal","volume":"70","author":"Abranches P","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives l'Institut Pasteur de Tunis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Um caso de kala\u2010azar infantil em Lisboa","volume":"13","author":"\u00c1lvares P","year":"1910","journal-title":"Medicina Contempor\u00e2nea"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Sobre a frequ\u00eancia do kala\u2010azar nos c\u00e3es em Lisboa","volume":"14","author":"\u00c1lvares D","year":"1911","journal-title":"Medicina Contempor\u00e2nea"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Phl\u00e9botomes du Portugal. IV. Infestation naturelle de Phlebotomus ariasi par Leishmania infantum MON\u201024 dans le foyer de l'Alto Douro","volume":"66","author":"Alves\u2010Pires C","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"Les Phl\u00e9botomes du Portugal. X. Infestation naturelle de Phlebotomus perniciosus par Leishmania infantum MON\u20101 en Algarve","volume":"8","author":"Alves\u2010Pires C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/19856011","article-title":"Un nouveau variant enzymatique de Leishmania infantum Nicolle 1908, agent de la leishmaniose cutan\u00e9e du Nord de l'Alg\u00e9rie","volume":"60","author":"Belazzoug S","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Leishmaniose visc\u00e9rale infantile \u00e0Leishmania infantum MON\u201024: une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 en Tunisie","volume":"93","author":"Belhadj S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90332-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Infantile visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON\u201024 in Algeria","volume":"94","author":"Benikhlef R","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"381","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum MON\u201024 in the dog","volume":"64","author":"Benikhlef R","year":"2004","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(80)90015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sardinia. IV. Epidemiological appraisal of cutaneous leishmaniasis and biochemical characterization of isolates","volume":"93","author":"Bettini S","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90396-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"O Kala\u2010azar em Portugal IX. A regi\u00e3o do Algarve: inqu\u00e9rito epidemiol\u00f3gico sobre o reservat\u00f3rio canino no concelho de Loul\u00e9","volume":"18","author":"Campino L","year":"1995","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00060-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002534"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00074-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90231-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90142-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"The identification and variability of the parasites causing leishmaniasis in HIV\u2010positive patients in Italy","volume":"97","author":"Gramiccia M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1996032191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Papel de perros e zorros como reservat\u00f3rios de leishmaniosis en la region Murciara. Resultados preliminares","volume":"42","author":"Iniesta MF","year":"1982","journal-title":"Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Parasitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(95)00259-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X19874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sobre la infecci\u00f3n natural p\u00f3r Leishmania en Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead 1911 y Phlebotomus ariasi Tonnoir 1921, en el foco de leishmaniosis de Zaragota","volume":"48","author":"Lucientes CJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Parasitologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Leishman\u00edase cut\u00e2nea localizada","volume":"29","author":"Manso J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Pedi\u00e1trica Portuguesa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)90089-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00060-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1994012175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Leishman\u00edase cut\u00e2nea. Casos cl\u00ednicos Hospital Amato Lusitano\u2010Castelo Branco","volume":"1","author":"Melo H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Revista Sa\u00fade Amato Lusitano"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90439-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Leishmania\u2010human immunodeficiency virus co\u2010infection in the Mediterranean basin: isoenzymatic characterization of 100 isolates of the Leishmania infantum complex","volume":"172","author":"Pratlong E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.9.4077-4082.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1968434421","article-title":"\u00c9cologie des leishmanioses dans le sud de la France 2\u2010Les reservoirs selvatiques. Infestation spontan\u00e9e du Renard (Vulpes vulpes L.)","volume":"43","author":"Rioux JA","year":"1968","journal-title":"Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Leishmania. Taxonomie et Phylogen\u00e8se. Applications \u00c9co\u2010\u00c9pid\u00e9miologiques","author":"Rioux JA","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Leishman\u00edase cut\u00e2nea aut\u00f3ctone","volume":"9","author":"Tavares A","year":"1943","journal-title":"Imprensa M\u00e9dica"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2006.01728.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01728.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T01:14:23Z","timestamp":1696900463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01728.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01728.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01728.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]]}}}