{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:27:42Z","timestamp":1791106062191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> Many countries are now adopting artemisinin\u2010based combination therapy (ACT) for treatment of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria. In multi\u2010drug resistant areas in South East Asia amplifications of the <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene are frequent and tentatively associated with reduced susceptibility to the common quinoline partner drugs mefloquine and lumefantrine. In Africa where amodiaquine is one of the favoured quinoline partner drugs in ACT, studies on multi\u2010drug resistance associated <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene amplifications are urgent. Our aim was to determine the current prevalence of <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene amplifications and a possible association between <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene copy number and amodiaquine treatment outcome in Kenya.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Seventy\u2010two children with <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection in Kenya were treated with amodiaquine monotherapy and followed for 21\u2003days. Possible amplification of the <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene was assessed from blood\u2010spotted filterpaper by TaqMan<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> probe based real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The recrudescent rate was 14 of 72 (19%). All children had single <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> copy infections, with the exception of one child who had an infection with two <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> copies. This child had an adequate treatment response.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> amplifications do exist in Kenya but at a very low frequency. Yet, the substantial number of children with recrudescent infections implies that amodiaquine resistance is not related to <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> gene amplifications in Kenya.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T14:57:19Z","timestamp":1160578639000},"page":"1808-1812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Amodiaquine resistance is not related to rare findings of <i>pfmdr1<\/i> gene amplifications in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Holmgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bj\u00f6rkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pedro","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000186848.46417.6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.586","article-title":"Pfmdr1 genotyping and in vivo mefloquine resistance on the Thai\u2010Myanmar border","volume":"72","author":"Nelson AL","year":"2005","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.184","article-title":"Short report: association between chloroquine and amodiaquine resistance and allelic variation in the Plasmodium falciparum multiple drug resistance 1 gene and the chloroquine resistance transporter gene in isolates from the upper Nile in southern Sudan","volume":"69","author":"Ochong EO","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.12.2943","article-title":"The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrug\u2010resistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand","volume":"43","author":"Price RN","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16767-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/497337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-2-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Antimalarial Drug Combination Therapy: Report of a WHO Technical Consultation","author":"WHO","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2006.01742.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T03:13:00Z","timestamp":1696907580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]]}}}