{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:56:08Z","timestamp":1761058568893},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>First instar larvae of <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) are very susceptible to deltamethrin, which kills all larvae at a very low dose (0.1\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g\/l). Thus the sensitivity of this insect to detect that pyrethroid is in parts per billion, as obtained with most common chromatographic methods of analysis. Here we describe a biological test (BT) to quantify deltamethrin in long\u2010lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) by exposing first instar larvae of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> to serial extracted insecticide solutions from net samples. The deltamethrin concentration in the net was calculated at the doses killing 50% of larva, from the LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of deltamethrin (6.5\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\u2003mg\/l) and the dilution factor (DF<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of the extracted net solution. The pyrethroid quantification in LLINs after 0\u201325 washes with this BT was correlated with those obtained by direct chromatographic analysis (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u20030.84). This BT did not require sophisticated equipment and could be extended to other molecules and materials. It appeared accurate, robust, cheap and well adapted to the national malaria programmes as the eggs of <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> might be used for some months. This method was adapted to provide an easy to use kit test for the quality control of LLINs in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01777.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T19:52:31Z","timestamp":1164657151000},"page":"245-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A biological test to quantify pyrethroid in impregnated nets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Chandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Chabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. F.","family":"Guillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Akogbeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Hougard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)82784-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Detection of Pyrethroids on Mosquito Nets with the Newly Developed Iodometric Method. Travel Report to Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","author":"Carnevale P","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00470.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2001.00286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2005.00543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02291-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0207629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Insecticide\u2010treated Bed Nets and Curtains for Preventing Malaria (Cochrane Review). 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(WHO\/CDS\/WHOPES\/2004.8)","author":"WHO","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"884","article-title":"News: drive to produce more long\u2010lasting insecticidal mosquito nets for malaria","volume":"82","author":"WHO","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Long\u2010lasting Insecticidal Mosquito Nets. (WHO\/CDS\/WHOPES\/GCDPP\/2005.11)","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Malaria Control Today. Current WHO Recommendations. Working Document, March 2005","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"Guidelines on the Use of Insecticide\u2010treated Mosquito Nets for the Prevention and Control of Malaria in Africa. 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