{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:42:27Z","timestamp":1790232147829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> Tuberculosis (TB) in Africa is increasing because of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, and in HIV\/AIDS patients it presents atypically. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Africa is mainly diagnosed clinically, by chest radiograph or by sputum smear for acid fast bacilli (AFB).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> We evaluated in 120 HIV\u2010infected patients with chest infection the diagnostic accuracy of AFB smear of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, sputum <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MTB) culture, real\u2010time PCR and MycoDot<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> serological test, using MTB culture of BAL fluid as gold standard. We correlated PCR cycle threshold values (C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>) to the culture results. Retrospectively, we evaluated the development of active TB in patients with positive PCR but negative culture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Culture of BAL fluid identified 28 patients with PTB. Fifty\u2010six patients could not produce adequate sputum. Sputum AFB smear and the serological test had sensitivities of 66.7% and 0%, respectively. PCR with C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> 40 was positive in 73 patients, 27 of whom were also TB culture positive (96.4% sensitivity and 52.3% specificity of PCR). PCR with C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> 32 had sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 90.9% to diagnose PTB in BAL. No patients with positive PCR but negative culture developed active TB during 18\u2003months follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> In these HIV\u2010infected patients, AFB smear and serology had very low sensitivities. PCR of BAL with C<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub> value 32 had improved specificity to diagnose active PTB. A prospective follow\u2010up study is warranted in TB\/HIV endemic settings, applying real time PCR to both sputum and BAL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01907.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T21:35:28Z","timestamp":1281562528000},"page":"1210-1217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in TB and HIV endemic settings and the contribution of real time PCR for <i>M. tuberculosis<\/i> in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gibson S.","family":"Kibiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre J. A. 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