{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:28:32Z","timestamp":1789450112260,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]],"date-time":"2007-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the effect of meningococcal vaccines on pharyngeal carriage of meningococci.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Systematic review. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. Controlled trials and observational studies which used comparison groups or compared carriage rates before and after vaccination were included in the review.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Twenty\u2010nine studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Twenty\u2010five studies reported the effect of a polysaccharide vaccine, one the effect of a serogroup C conjugate vaccine and three the impact of serogroup B outer\u2010membrane vaccines on overall and\/or serogroup\u2010specific meningococcal carriage rates. Ten studies of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines found reduced serogroup\u2010specific carriage; seven of these focussed on high\u2010risk groups and had a short follow\u2010up period. Only one of five studies of civilian populations in Africa showed a significantly reduced carriage. Many studies had methodological shortcomings. The one study which assessed the effect of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine on carriage showed a significant impact. Three studies of serogroup B outer\u2010membrane protein vaccines showed no effect on carriage.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A few well\u2010designed trials of the impact of meningococcal vaccines on carriage have been undertaken. Such studies should be an essential component of the evaluation of new meningococcal vaccines, particularly those introduced to control epidemic meningococcal disease in Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01929.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T18:08:23Z","timestamp":1281550103000},"page":"1409-1421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Systematic review: Impact of meningococcal vaccination on pharyngeal carriage of meningococci"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Dellicour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Surveys on 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