{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:30:44Z","timestamp":1785828644730,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,14]],"date-time":"2007-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1194998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To assess the prevalence of helminth infections and their associated risks in a community using both wastewater and human excreta in agriculture and aquaculture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in a peri\u2010urban area in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data on the demography, socioeconomics and sanitation were collected from a survey of 400 agricultural households. Parasitological examination for the eggs of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> sp. and hookworm was performed on single stool specimens obtained from study household members\u2019 15\u201370\u2003years and 0\u201372\u2003months of age.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Of 807 stool samples collected from 620 adults and 187 children, 39% were infected with helminths. The prevalence of infections with <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> sp. and hookworm was 21.6%, 9.8% and 21.8%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that being an adult, female gender, living in a household without a latrine, excreta composted for less than 1\u2003month and use of fresh human excreta were significantly associated with co\u2010infection with all three helminths. Being an adult was an independent determinant for infections with individual helminths. The absence of a latrine and use of stored urine for irrigation were associated with an increased risk of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Risk factors for <jats:italic>Trichuris<\/jats:italic> infection were inadequately composted excreta and year\u2010round wastewater contact; risk factors for hookworm infection were female gender, household without a latrine and use of fresh human excreta.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Wastewater exposure did not pose a major risk for helminth infection in this community. Instead, lack of sanitation facilities and use of fresh or inadequately composted human excreta in agriculture were important risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01945.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T22:02:09Z","timestamp":1281564129000},"page":"82-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Helminth infections among people using wastewater and human excreta in peri\u2010urban agriculture and aquaculture in Hanoi, Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Do Thuy","family":"Trang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e5re","family":"M\u00f8lbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phung 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