{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:57:10Z","timestamp":1787014630656,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,26]],"date-time":"2008-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1203984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To test the accuracy of clinical symptoms and signs for anaemia in pregnant women, as assessed by nurse\u2010midwives, in two locations in Northern Tanzania.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    One location was at 1000\u2003m above sea level, the other at 1800\u2003m. Midwives performed examinations and conducted structured interviews to detect severe anaemia at the first antenatal care visit before haemoglobin (hb) results were revealed; 369 and 535 women of all parities were examined in consecutive order at the two locations. Severe anaemia was defined as hb &lt;75\u2003g\/l in the first and &lt;80\u2003g\/l in the second (higher) location, based on altitude effect on hb distributions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Hb distribution differed substantially between the two locations, with much higher hb levels among those living at 1800\u2003m. Sensitivities for detection of severe anaemia based on individual signs (pallor, conjunctiva, etc.) were 0.85, but only 0.33 to 0.44 for those living at lower and for those at higher altitudes, respectively. Conversely, specificities were around 0.90 at higher and 0.55 at lower altitudes, respectively. Symptoms (headache, dizziness, palpitations, etc.) were too common among those without anaemia to be useful as distinguishing features. Changing the definition of severe anaemia to higher cut\u2010off hb values did not materially alter the results.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Validity of non\u2010invasive tests to detect severe anaemia in pregnant women varies by locality. In a high\u2010altitude area detection rate was low (sensitivity around 40%). In lower\u2010lying areas detection rate was high, at the cost of low specificity (around 45% false positive tests). Symptoms like headache, dizziness and fatigue were too common to discriminate those with severe anaemia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.02000.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T17:47:09Z","timestamp":1281548829000},"page":"272-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Validity of non\u2010invasive assessment of anaemia in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Per","family":"Bergsj\u00f8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rg","family":"Evjen\u2010Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven Gudmund","family":"Hinderaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naphtal","family":"OleKing\u2019ori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut\u2010Inge","family":"Klepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349609047094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Maternity Care in Developing Countries","author":"Harrison KA","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/791201788"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01721.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Anaemia in pregnancy: a major health problem with implications for maternal health care","volume":"3","author":"Massawe S","year":"1996","journal-title":"African Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"\u00c9valuer l\u2019an\u00e9mie maternelle s\u00e9v\u00e8re et ses cons\u00e9quences: la valeur d\u2019un simple examen de la coloration des conjonctives palp\u00e9brales","volume":"9","author":"Meda N","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90227-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.9.1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Anaemia Detection Methods in Low\u2010Resource Settings: A Manual for Health Workers","author":"U.S. Agency for International Development","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Prevention and Management of Severe Anaemia in Pregnancy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Mother\u2013baby Package: Implementing Safe Motherhood in Countries","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"WHO Antenatal Care Randomized Trial: Manual for the Implementation of the New Model","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2007.02000.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.02000.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T15:13:52Z","timestamp":1697296432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.02000.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.02000.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.02000.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}