{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T17:19:04Z","timestamp":1794244744714,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,24]],"date-time":"2008-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1227484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To examine the association between schistosomiasis and reproductive tract symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in a\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010endemic area of rural Zimbabwe. A total of 483 permanently resident adult women of Mupfure Ward aged 20\u201349 were interviewed and examined clinically, each providing three consecutive urine samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Women with genital sandy patches had significantly more genital itch (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.009) and perceived their discharge as abnormal (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20030.003). Eighty percent of the women who had genital itch, yellow discharge, and childhood or current waterbody contact had sandy patches. Fifty\u2010two percent of the women with genital sandy patches did not have detectable\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ova in urine. Genital schistosomiasis was associated with stress incontinence and pollakisuria, but not with menstrual irregularities, current or previous ulcers, or tumours.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Genital schistosomiasis may be a differential diagnosis to the STDs in women who have been exposed to fresh water in endemic areas. Because of the chronic nature of the disease in adults, we suggest to pay special attention to the prevention of morbidity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02161.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,24]],"date-time":"2008-11-24T01:59:45Z","timestamp":1227491985000},"page":"1509-1517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Female genital schistosomiasis \u2013 a differential diagnosis to sexually transmitted disease: genital itch and vaginal discharge as indicators of genital\n                    <i>Schistosoma haematobium<\/i>\n                    morbidity in a cross\u2010sectional study in endemic rural Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eyrun Floerecke","family":"Kjetland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith Nyaradzai","family":"Kurewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia D.","family":"Ndhlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Midzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovemore","family":"Gwanzura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Exnevia","family":"Gomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leiv","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafira","family":"Mduluza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Friis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svein Gunnar","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Schistosomiasis of the uterus in association with uterine fibroids","volume":"27","author":"Adeleye JA","year":"1975","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5275.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00364-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000059874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1983.11811757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(75)90027-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90512-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Female genital schistosomiasis. 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