{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:44:51Z","timestamp":1768268691815,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]],"date-time":"2009-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> To quantify default during diagnosis in TB suspects and in smear\u2010positive cases; to investigate sex differences in default during diagnosis, in all of Pakistan.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Data from laboratory registers were collected on 12\u2003216 suspects in nine districts over the period July\u2013September 2008.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 1573\u2003TB suspects (12.9%, 95% CI\u2003=\u200312.3\u201313.5) dropped out of the diagnostic process after initial sputum submission. A total of 2058 smear\u2010positive cases were detected, and of these 107 (5.2%, 95% CI\u2003=\u20034.2\u20136.2) defaulted during diagnosis and therefore could not be started on treatment. Male suspects defaulted slightly more frequently than female suspects (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.0268).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Default during diagnosis is a frequent occurrence in Pakistan that should be monitored and addressed by TB control programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02406.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]],"date-time":"2009-10-15T06:07:16Z","timestamp":1255586836000},"page":"1437-1441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Default during TB diagnosis: quantifying the problem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mishal S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoaib","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Godfrey\u2010Faussett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"936","article-title":"From suspect to patient: tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment initiation in health facilities in South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Botha E","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"820","article-title":"Initial default from tuberculosis treatment: how often does it happen and what are the reasons?","volume":"12","author":"Botha E","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"735","article-title":"Initial defaulting in the National Tuberculosis Programme in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam: a survey of extent reasons and alternative actions taken following default","volume":"7","author":"Buu TN","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"A one\u2010day method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in rural Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Cambanis A","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807000106","article-title":"Comparison of symptoms and treatment outcomes between actively and passively detected tuberculosis cases: the additional value of active case finding","volume":"136","author":"Den Boon S","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiological Infections"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"824","article-title":"Smear examination of two specimens for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Tiruvallur District, South India","volume":"8","author":"Gopi PG","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.033167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60916-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Public\u2010private mix for improved TB control in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam: an assessment of its impact on case detection","volume":"7","author":"Quy HT","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Magnitude of initial default in pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"59","author":"Rao NA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Initial default among diagnosed sputum smear\u2010positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"12","author":"Sai Babu B","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"\u2018Lost\u2019 smear\u2010positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases: where are they and why did we lose them?","volume":"9","author":"Squire SB","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control \u2013 Epidemiology Strategy Financing","author":"WHO","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01107.x"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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