{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:01:25Z","timestamp":1787731285166,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine the personal and environmental risk factors associated with trachoma in pre\u2010school children in Yobe state, Nigeria.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Total of 639 children aged 1\u20135 from 27 villages were examined in their households for clinical signs of trachoma. Personal and environmental risk factors were independently determined by an observer while clinical examination was being performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of active trachoma was 35.7% (95% CI; 32.0\u201339.6) with prevalence of disease in boys being similar to girls. The highest prevalence was in children 2\u20133\u2003years of age. The presence of flies on the face (OR 4.14; CI 2.72\u20136.29) and lack of a toilet in the compound (OR 2.11; CI 1.38\u20133.23) were independent risk factors for trachoma.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of trachoma is high. Provision and use of toilets, education on personal and environmental hygiene improvements need to be emphasized as part of the Surgery Antibiotics Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02436.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T01:20:18Z","timestamp":1263345618000},"page":"168-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Personal and environmental risk factors for active trachoma in children in Yobe state, north\u2010eastern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Mpyet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Goyol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ogoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.099507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"Prevalence of risk factors for trachoma in a rural locality of north\u2010western Ethiopia","volume":"77","author":"Alene GD","year":"2000","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.4.944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.75.6.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90427-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2001.00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.3.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00659-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200010000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580802237633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580802256542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070020903037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications","volume":"65","author":"Thylefors B","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.4.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma","author":"WHO","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"17","volume-title":"State of the World\u2019s Sight: Vision 2020: the Right to Sight: 1999\u20132005, Executive Summary","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"The epidemiology of trachoma in Chiapas (Mexico)","volume":"64","author":"Wilson M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Revue Internationale du Trachome"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-211.x"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2009.02436.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02436.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T04:26:43Z","timestamp":1697257603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02436.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02436.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02436.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]}}}