{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1790196942463,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]],"date-time":"2010-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To determine spatial patterns of co\u2010endemicity of schistosomiasis mansoni and the soil\u2010transmitted helminths (STHs) <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> and hookworm in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, to help plan integrated neglected tropical disease programmes in this region.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method\u2002<\/jats:bold> Parasitological surveys were conducted in Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and Burundi in 28\u2003213 children in 404 schools. Bayesian geostatistical models were used to interpolate prevalence of these infections across the study area. Interpolated prevalence maps were overlaid to determine areas of co\u2010endemicity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> In the Great Lakes region, prevalence was 18.1% for <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, 50.0% for hookworm, 6.8% for <jats:italic>A.\u00a0lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and 6.8% for <jats:italic>T.\u00a0trichiura<\/jats:italic>. Hookworm infection was ubiquitous, whereas <jats:italic>S.\u00a0mansoni<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A.\u00a0lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T.\u00a0trichiura<\/jats:italic> were highly focal. Most areas were endemic (prevalence \u226510%) or hyperendemic (prevalence \u226550%) for one or more STHs, whereas endemic areas for schistosomiasis mansoni were restricted to foci adjacent large perennial water bodies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Because of the ubiquity of hookworm, treatment programmes are required for STH throughout the region but efficient schistosomiasis control should only be targeted at limited high\u2010risk areas. Therefore, integration of schistosomiasis with STH control is only indicated in limited foci in East Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02440.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T01:20:18Z","timestamp":1263345618000},"page":"198-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Spatial co\u2010distribution of neglected tropical diseases in the East African Great Lakes region: revisiting the justification for integrated control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Archie C. 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