{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:28:32Z","timestamp":1789187312408,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,9]],"date-time":"2009-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> To test the reproducibility and thermostability of a new format of the Card\u2010Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) test for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), designed for use at primary health care facility level in endemic countries.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A population of 4217 from highly endemic villages was screened using the existing format of the CATT test (CATT\u2010R250) on whole blood. All those testing positive (220) and a random sample of negatives (555) were retested in the field with the new format (CATT\u2010D10). Inter\u2010format reproducibility was assessed by calculating kappa. All samples testing positive on whole blood with either method were further evaluated in Belgium by CATT titration of serum by two observers, using both old and new format. CATT\u2010D10 test kits were incubated under four temperature regimens (4, 37, 45\u2003\u00b0C and fluctuating) with regular assessments of reactivity over 18\u2003months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Inter\u2010format reproducibility of CATT\u2010D10 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. CATT\u2010R250 on whole blood performed by laboratory technicians in the field was excellent with kappa values of 0.83\u20130.89. Both inter\u2010 and intra\u2010format reproducibility assessed by CATT titration were excellent, with 96.5\u2013100% of all differences observed falling within the limits of \u00b11 titration step. After 18\u2003months, reactivity of test kits incubated under all four temperature regimens was still well above the minimum threshold considered acceptable.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> The CATT\u2010D10 is thermostable and can be used interchangeably with the old format of the CATT test. It is highly suitable for use in peripheral health facilities in HAT\u2010endemic countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T01:20:18Z","timestamp":1263345618000},"page":"263-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A new format of the CATT test for the detection of Human African Trypanosomiasis, designed for use in peripheral health facilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Hasker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mitashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Baelmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lutumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Lejon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Kande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Declercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Van der Veken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.133-146.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"A card\u2010agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (C.A.T.T.) for the serological diagnosis of T.\u00a0b.\u00a0gambiense trypanosomiasis","volume":"58","author":"Magnus E","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annales de La Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"[Medicine and health in the Democratic Republic of Congo: from Independence to the Third Republic]","volume":"67","author":"Wembonyama S","year":"2007","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale : Revue du Corps de Sant\u00e9 Colonial"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness): epidemiological update","volume":"81","author":"WHO","year":"2006","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2009.02446.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T04:26:01Z","timestamp":1697257561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]]}}}