{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:35:55Z","timestamp":1791927355537,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> To describe a new emerging focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic> in rural areas of Dehbakry county, south\u2010eastern Iran, after the earthquake of 2003.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> House\u2010to\u2010house survey of 3884 inhabitants for active leishmaniasis lesions or scars. The diagnosis was confirmed by smears, cultures and identification of the parasite by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> All age groups were affected, although patients \u226410\u2003years of age showed the highest rate of infection (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>=\u20030.0001). The overall prevalence rate was 5.3%; 6.3% in females and 4.3% in males. Of 204 cases, 1.8% had active sores and 3.5% had scars, with a significant difference between the sexes (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>=\u20030.005). 47% of the lesions were on the face and 77.9% had one lesion. The incidence rose gradually 2004\u20132005, but grew exponentially 2006\u20132008. Electrophoresis of PCR products indicated that <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic> was the causative agent.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> The current emergence was unexpected in this rural locality, where no previous history of CL was recorded. According to our knowledge this is the first report of a gradually establishing new ACL focus in rural communities after the 2003 earthquake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02729.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]],"date-time":"2011-01-24T04:10:25Z","timestamp":1295842225000},"page":"510-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Emergence of a new focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to <i>Leishmania tropica<\/i> in rural communities of Bam district after the earthquake, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Iraj","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Poursmaelian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Aflatoonian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza Fotouhi","family":"Ardakani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Reza","family":"Fekri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khamesipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Hakimi","family":"Parizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid Fasihi","family":"Harandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in primary school children in Bam district, 2005","volume":"14","author":"Aflatoonian MR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90223-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90151-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110026746"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Leishmania isolates in school children in Bam, southeastern Iran","volume":"22","author":"Sharifi I","year":"1997","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in primary school children in the south\u2010eastern Iranian city of Bam, 1994\u201395","volume":"76","author":"Sharifi I","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bull of the WHO"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09552-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health","author":"Sharifi I","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90509-5"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2011.02729.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02729.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T13:14:51Z","timestamp":1698758091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02729.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02729.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02729.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,24]]}}}