{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T04:14:36Z","timestamp":1697343276091},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,30]],"date-time":"2011-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> In 2009, a random survey was conducted in Muzaffarpur district to document the clinical outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis patients (VL) treated by the public health care system in 2008, to assess the effectiveness of miltefosine against VL. We analysed the operational feasibility and cost of such periodic random surveys as compared with health facility\u2010based routine monitoring.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A random sample of 150 patients was drawn from registers kept at Primary Health Care centres. Patient records were examined, and the patients were located at their residence. Patients and physicians were interviewed with the help of two specifically designed questionnaires by a team of one supervisor, one physician and one field worker. Costs incurred during this survey were properly documented, and vehicle log books maintained for analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Hundred and 39 (76.7%) of the patients could be located. Eleven patients were not traceable. Per patient, follow\u2010up cost was US$ 15.51 and on average 2.27 patients could be visited per team\u2010day. Human resource involvement constituted 75% of the total cost whereas involvement of physician costs 51% of the total cost.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> A random survey to document clinical outcomes is costly and labour intensive but gives probably the most accurate information on drug effectiveness. A health service\u2010based retrospective cohort reporting system modelled on the monitoring system developed by tuberculosis programmes could be a better alternative. Involvement of community health workers in such monitoring would offer the additional advantage of treatment supervision and support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02803.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,30]],"date-time":"2011-05-30T10:21:51Z","timestamp":1306750911000},"page":"1159-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Monitoring drug effectiveness in kala\u2010azar in Bihar, India: cost and feasibility of periodic random surveys <i>vs.<\/i> a health service\u2010based reporting system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Malaviya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ostyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Ten years of kala\u2010azar in west Bengal, Part I. Did post\u2010kala\u2010azar dermal leishmaniasis initiate the outbreak in 24\u2010Parganas?","volume":"70","author":"Addy M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Management of visceral leishmaniasis in rural primary health care services in Bihar, India","volume":"15","author":"Hasker E","year":"2010","journal-title":"TMIH"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/5.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Tuberculosis can be controlled with existing technologies: evidence","volume":"2","author":"Styblo K","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tuberculosis Surveillance Research Unit Progress Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases","volume":"793","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990","journal-title":"World Health Organization Technical Report Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional office for South\u2010East Asia(2005)Regional strategic framework for elimination of Kala\u2010azar from the South\u2010East Asia region (2005\u20132015).http:\/\/www.searo.who.int\/LinkFiles\/Kala_azar_VBC\u201085_Rev_1.pdf[Online] (Accessed 23 March 2010)."}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2011.02803.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02803.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T19:07:21Z","timestamp":1697310441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02803.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,30]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02803.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02803.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,30]]}}}