{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:57:18Z","timestamp":1770883038657,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold>To evaluate the performance of two enzyme immunoassays (EIA), Murex and ICE, and the Determine TP point\u2010of\u2010care test (POCT) in diagnosing treponemal infection (syphilis or yaws) in patients attending a large HIV clinic in Ghana; to determine the prevalence of treponemal co\u2010infections; and to characterise demographic and clinical features of patients with infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>Samples were tested with EIAs and rapid plasma reagin (RPR), then POCT and reference assays for<jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>to determine prevalence of active and past infection. Sensitivity and specificity of each assay were calculated and demographic and clinical characteristics of patients compared. Data were collected from case notes of patients retrospectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>Overall, 45\/284 patient samples (14.8%, 95% CI, 11.1\u201319.4%) were<jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>particle agglutination (TPPA) positive, and of these, 27 (64.3%) were RPR positive and 4 (8.9%) were treponemal IgM positive. Both EIAs and Determine TP POCT showed high sensitivities and specificities for identifying infection although RPR was less reliable. Clinical features of syphilis or yaws were rarely identified in TPPA\u2010positive patients suggesting most had previous or late latent infection. Treatment of various intercurrent infections using short courses of antibiotics active against<jats:italic>T.\u00a0pallidum<\/jats:italic>was common in the clinic.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>A high proportion of this HIV\u2010infected cohort showed evidence of treponemal infection. Both EIAs as well as the POCT were practical and effective at diagnosing treponemal co\u2010infection in this setting. RPR alone was unreliable at identifying active treponemal co\u2010infection, however might be useful in some settings where treponemal\u2010specific assays are unaffordable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03090.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,21]],"date-time":"2012-09-21T04:06:35Z","timestamp":1348200395000},"page":"1521-1526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diagnosis of treponemal co\u2010infection in HIV\u2010infected West Africans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yaasir","family":"Mamoojee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Gittins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sarfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Carrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Bedu\u2010Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lambert T.","family":"Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46414-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2004.253","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum infection in antenatal and gynecological patients at Korle\u2010Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana","volume":"57","author":"Apea\u2010Kubi KA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"The return of yaws","volume":"86","author":"Asiedu K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199412000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249400500208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200202150-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706183162503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513566"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249400500609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60666-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000244206.41500.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir524"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Discordant results from reverse sequence syphilis screening \u2013 five laboratories, United States, 2006\u20132010","volume":"60","author":"Radolf JD","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000121204.58881.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.4.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555575153154","article-title":"The prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis","volume":"75","author":"Taniguchi S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO. 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