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The genes controlling pigmentation act as a complex and interact with each other to cause phenotypic and genotypic variations. Pigmentation of coat broadly depends on the ratio of eumelanin and pheomelanin, the two components of melanin. Increase in eumelanin imparts a black coat colour while raise in pheomelanin is responsible for a yellowish or reddish colour. The main enzymes responsible for melanogenesis are regulated by the genes of the tyrosinase family. It is speculated that the wild\u2010type gene present in the ancestral breeds of the present day cattle have more pheomelanin content and that, over time, mutations have introduced more variations leading to many shades. This could have occurred either because of interactions or because of deletions in the responsible genes. The environmental conditions have also contributed to mutations in these genes, helping in the adaptability of the animals to different geographical regions. The switching between the syntheses of melanin components depends on several genes like melanocortin\u20101receptor gene (<jats:italic>MC1r<\/jats:italic>) \u2013 also known as melanocyte\u2010stimulating hormone receptor gene (<jats:italic>MSHr<\/jats:italic>)\u2010, agouti (<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>), attractin (<jats:italic>Atrn<\/jats:italic>) and mahogunin (<jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic>). The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the field of pigment biology and to highlight possible areas of research that may benefit a breeder or a farmer in the selection of animals on the basis of phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2007.00634.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,19]],"date-time":"2007-10-19T11:18:12Z","timestamp":1192792692000},"page":"392-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Biology of epidermal and hair pigmentation in cattle: a mini\u2010review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kangseok","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar R.","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejeong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The Genetics of Cattle","author":"Olson TA","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","unstructured":"RussoV FontanesiL.Coat colour gene analysis breed traceability.Bruna2004;3:95\u2013100."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","unstructured":"OlsonTA WillhamRL.Inheritance of coat coloration and spotting patterns of cattle: a review. 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