{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:43:26Z","timestamp":1790433806333,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> In this study, we evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of <jats:italic>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/jats:italic> to clotrimazole (CTZ), miconazole (MCZ), and thiabendazole (TBD), azole derivatives employed in aural formulations labeled for treatment of canine otitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The procedure for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> testing was based on the indications of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27\u2010A3 microdilution method. A lipid\u2010enriched medium was employed to enhance the yeast growth (Christensen\u2019s urea broth, with 0.1% Tween 80 and 0.5% Tween 40 as the lipid sources), while the inoculums size corresponded to approximately 1\u20135\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\u2003yeast cells\/mL. Microplates were incubated at 37\u00b0C and read 48\u2003h after inoculation. Azole MICs inhibiting fungal growth were the lowest drug concentrations that showed an optical density of \u226450% of the (drug\u2010free) growth control, as assessed by spectrophotometer (630\u2003nm filter).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> All isolates were inhibited by the three azoles, with different minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Most isolates were inhibited by drug concentrations of 2\u20138 (CTZ), 1\u20134 (MCZ), or 16\u201332 (TBD)\u2003\u03bcg\/mL. These results are partially in agreement with the findings of previous studies, in which substantially higher\/lower MICs were occasionally reported. This is likely because of the different methodologies employed. Such discrepancies may not apply to clinical situations, where the compounds are applied topically.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion and clinical importance\u2002\u2013\u2002<\/jats:bold> The concept that clinical failure is linked to increased MICs is debatable, because significantly higher concentrations (in most cases at least 1,000\u2003\u00d7\u2003the MIC) of the antifungals that were included in our study are routinely used in formulated products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01025.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T19:47:04Z","timestamp":1328644024000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of <i>Malassezia pachydermatis<\/i> to clotrimazole, miconazole and thiabendazole using a modified CLSI M27\u2010A3 microdilution method"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Peano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Beccati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Chiavassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Pasquetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"1204","volume-title":"Muller and Kirk\u2019s Small Animal Dermatology","author":"Scott DW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"565","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Bond R","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(88)50076-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2007.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"A survey of mycotic otitis externa of dogs in Lisbon","volume":"15","author":"Bernardo FM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00465.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822009000200002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(02)90154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/13.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.3.489-495.1996","article-title":"Susceptibility test of fungi: current status of correlation of in vitro data with clinical outcome","volume":"34","author":"Ghannoum MA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/24.2.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.643-658.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701436794"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.7.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","first-page":"393","article-title":"In vitro sensitivity of Malassezia spp. to various antimycotics","volume":"11","author":"Lorenzini R","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Researc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1997.tb02987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","volume-title":"Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard","author":"CLSI","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00989-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.52.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-008-9194-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1997.tb00964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2477-2481.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3589-3593.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.22456\/1679-9216.17072","article-title":"Susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to azole antifungal agents evaluated by a new broth microdilution method","volume":"31","author":"Eichenberg ML","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3164.2011.01025.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01025.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T12:03:52Z","timestamp":1697285032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01025.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01025.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01025.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-4493","1365-3164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-4493","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}