{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:23:58Z","timestamp":1790033038688,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]],"date-time":"2004-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> A well\u2010tolerated oral drug is required for the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). Current parenteral treatment regimens with pentavalent antimonials are associated with marked toxicity and significant rates of relapse.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of high\u2010dose itraconazole for the treatment of MCL.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> An uncontrolled treatment study was performed in 13 Ecuadorian patients with MCL. Each patient received a daily dosage of 400\u00a0mg of itraconazole for a minimum of 3\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> All 13 subjects responded to itraconazole during the first month of treatment, but by 12\u00a0months after treatment the complete resolution of MCL lesions was observed in only three (23%) subjects. No adverse effects of treatment were reported. Response to treatment was associated with a short evolution of the disease and mild to moderate disease severity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Prolonged and high\u2010dose treatment regimens with itraconazole are not effective for the treatment of the majority of patients with MCL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02183.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]],"date-time":"2004-09-07T13:36:09Z","timestamp":1094564169000},"page":"659-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Itraconazole in the treatment of New World mucocutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Calvopina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel G.","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo X.","family":"Armijos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Hashiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.49","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis in Colombia: clinical characteristics","volume":"59","author":"Osorio LE","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90030-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90243-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11813013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023396258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.Supplement_1.S57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)00128-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(00)90077-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Studies on New World Leishmaniasis and its Transmission, With Particular Reference to Ecuador.","author":"Calvopina M","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2000000400013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics","author":"Anonymous.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs Parasit Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90058-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Treatment of mucocutaneous (American) leishmaniasis with amphotericin B: report of 70 cases","volume":"10","author":"Sampaio SA","year":"1971","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821997000200007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.2.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821996000600005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90518-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702001000400008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"376","article-title":"Itraconazole en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria Americana","volume":"1","author":"Rodriguez LV","year":"1988","journal-title":"Actual Terap Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761995000400020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90063-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.3.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(88)90166-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. 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