{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:23:06Z","timestamp":1791894186086,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 10\u00a0455 new dermatology patients were seen in the dermatology clinics of King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU), Al\u2010Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between January 1990 and December 1995. We identified 71 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of specific forms of primary hereditary ichthyoses (PHI). We have reviewed the epidemiological and clinical features of these patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2002<\/jats:bold> To document the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with PHI in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> We used the dermatology out\u2010patient department (OPD) logbooks to identify cases of PHI from new patients presenting with different dermatological problems over a 6\u2010year period. We used specifically designed protocol forms to extract epidemiological and clinical data from the study patients\u2019 medical records. These were entered into a computer database and analyzed using standard statistical software.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 71 patients, 44 males and 27 females (male : female sex ratio of 1.63\u00a0:\u00a01), were identified from a total of 10\u00a0455 new patients seen in our dermatology clinics between January 1990 and December 1995. The occurrence rate of PHI, in our clinics, was 0.67% or 7 per 1000 new dermatology cases. The clinical pattern of PHI showed that Icthyosis Vulgaris was the most common form seen, followed by Nonbullous Ichthyosiform Erythroderma. Thirty\u2010one patients (44.7%) with Ichthyosis Vulgaris (IV) were seen: 12 patients (16.9%) with X\u2010linked Recessive Ichthyosis (XLRI), four patients (5.6%) with Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI), three patients (4.2%) with Bullous Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (BIE) and 21 patients (29.6%) with Nonbullous Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (NBIE). There was a significantly high consanguinity rate in our patients (85%), and the family history was positive in 53 cases out of the 71 (75%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> This preliminary study is the first report of its kind from Saudi Arabia and documents the clinico\u2010epidemiological features of PHI patients in the Eastern Province. The high rate of parental consanguinity among our Saudi patients may account for the high proportion of patients with a positive family history. Consanguinity also probably explains why the most severe forms of PHI were seen in a significant number of new patients\u2019 siblings. These severe forms of PHI (Nonbullous Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Bullous Ichthyosiform Erythroderma and Lamellar Ichthyosis) together constituted nearly 40% of all cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02042.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T15:55:37Z","timestamp":1137772537000},"page":"257-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinico\u2010epidemiological features of primary hereditary ichthyoses in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ahmad A.","family":"Al\u2010Zayir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar M.","family":"Al\u2010Amro Al\u2010Alakloby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"EblingFJG MarksR RookA.Ichthyosis in Textbook of Dermatology 4th edn EDZ Vol.2. Bombay:Oxford University Press 1987:1416\u20131435."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"252","volume-title":"Dermatology in General Medicine.","author":"Baden HP.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)80322-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1995.tb03429.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"555","article-title":"Higher prevalence of X\u2010linked ichthyosis vs. ichthyosis vulgaris in Mexico","volume":"38","author":"Cuevas\u2010Covarrubias SA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"1615","article-title":"Serum Ige level autosomal dominant X chromosomal recessive ichthyosis vulgaris (English Summary)","volume":"55","author":"Wursch TG","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5493.947"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","unstructured":"Der KaloustianVM KurbanAK.Ichthyosiform dermatoses in genetic diseases of the skin. Berlin:Springer\u2010Verlag 1979:26\u201333."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1965.01600130007001","article-title":"Genetic classification ichthyosis","volume":"92","author":"Wells RS","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620060036006","article-title":"Lamellar ichthyosis of the newborn: a distinct clinical entity, its comparison to other ichthyosiform erythroderma","volume":"105","author":"Reed WB","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660170089026","article-title":"A mother two children with nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma","volume":"122","author":"Rossmann\u2010Ringdahl I","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Hereditary Skin Disorders: Ichthyosis, in Clinical Pediatric Dermatology","author":"Hurwitz I","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600260005001","article-title":"Ichthyosiform dermatoses: classification based on anatomic and biometric observations","volume":"94","author":"Frost P","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38156-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1970.04000090002002","article-title":"Inherited ichthyoses","volume":"102","author":"Schnyder UW.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1981.01650120007010","article-title":"Steroid sulphatase, X\u2010linked ichthyosis, and stratum corneum cell cohesion","volume":"117","author":"Epstein EH","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.15-6-220"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2006.02042.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02042.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T01:17:24Z","timestamp":1696900644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02042.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02042.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02042.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-01-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}