{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:40:44Z","timestamp":1789821644988,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> As some of the many patients who receive antimalarials for the treatment of noninfective inflammatory diseases (lupus erythematosus, collagen vascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) are also immunosuppressed because of their disease and\/or treatments, and may have concomitant bacterial infections, we investigated the effect of these drugs on the growth and invasion of several bacteria that are commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections to determine whether they could protect against such conditions and obviate the need for an additional antibiotic drug.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> The effect of quinine sulfate (QS) at concentrations of 50 and 100\u00a0\u00b5<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> on the entry process of <jats:italic>Enterobacter agglomerans<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> into Caco\u20102 cells was studied during the infection period. The invasive efficiency was expressed as the number of viable internalized bacteria obtained by counting the colony\u2010forming units (CFUs).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The invasive ability of <jats:italic>E. agglomerans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was significantly inhibited by 50 and 100\u00a0\u00b5<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> QS in a dose\u2010dependent manner when the drug was added to Caco\u20102 cell monolayers during the infection period; however, QS had no significant effect on the internalization of <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion and conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Antimalarial drugs are currently widely used to treat patients with autoimmune dermatologic and rheumatologic diseases, and have also been recently proposed as additional therapy for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These patients, who are often immunocompromised, may receive a secondary advantage from these antimalarials, which may provide some protection against staphylococci (amongst the most important human pathogens causing many superficial and systemic infections) and <jats:italic> E. agglomerans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02696.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]],"date-time":"2006-05-30T16:19:31Z","timestamp":1149005971000},"page":"661-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of some bacterial skin pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ronni","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Tufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Grimaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Donnarumma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adone","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/50.3.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00092-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5070\/D38WS167FR","article-title":"Quinine sulfate and HSV replication","volume":"9","author":"Wolf R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00543-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00415-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(98)00162-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/317262a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5668-5675.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-1-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80839-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(00)00140-2"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2006.02696.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02696.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T01:58:42Z","timestamp":1696903122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02696.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02696.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02696.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-05-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}