{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:19:40Z","timestamp":1761128380342},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]],"date-time":"2006-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1137456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction\u2002<\/jats:bold> Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH), a condition of uncertain etiology, is characterized by asymptomatic hypopigmented macules predominantly located on the trunk. To date, there are no reports from South\u2010East Asia concerning this condition. We sought to record the clinical features of PMH in Asian patients, identify etiologic factors, and study the structural and ultrastructural features of melanocytes in this disorder.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patients who presented to the National Skin Center with acquired, hypopigmented macules on the trunk, without a history of inflammation or infection, were recruited. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, liver function tests, skin scrapings for fungi, and skin biopsy specimens (from lesional and normal skin) were obtained. Biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), Fontana Masson, an immunohistochemical panel for identification of melanocyte differentiation antibodies (HMB 45, Melan A, and S100) and CD 68. Electron microscopy (EM) was also performed. The patients were evaluated every 3 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> During a 9 month period, eight patients (all Chinese) presented with hypopigmented, ill\u2010defined, confluent macules involving the lower aspect of the trunk. There were four men and four women, and the mean age was 25.9\u00a0years (range 19\u201345\u00a0years). Skin scrapings were negative for fungi and laboratory tests were normal.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Microscopic evaluation of skin biopsy speciments showed reduced pigmentation of lesional as compared with normal appearing skin, but H&amp;E\u2010stained sections revealed only minimal histologic differences between lesional and normal skin. EM demonstrated a statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 0.047, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Wilcoxon 95% CI 0.02\u20130.62) higher ratio of stage IV and late stage III (dark) melanosomes in normal vs. lesional skin.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> PMH may occur among young adults in Singapore. Its etiology is uncertain. The melanin content of lesional skin appears to be less than that in normal sites. EM shows a higher ratio of immature melanosomes in lesional vs. normal skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02755.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]],"date-time":"2006-01-17T17:03:49Z","timestamp":1137517429000},"page":"737-742","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Progressive macular hypomelanosis in Singapore: a clinico\u2010pathological study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sujith Prasad W.","family":"Kumarasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suat Hoon","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Thng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Paulraj","family":"Thamboo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoke Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Cutis \u201ctrunci variata\u201d a new genetic dermatosis","volume":"15","author":"Borelli D","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1988.tb00561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","unstructured":"MenkeHE Van PraagMCJ OssekoppeleR et al.A new syndrome of hypopigmentation of the trunk.3rd Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology Copenhagen Denmark 1993. European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Copenhagen."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"686","volume-title":"The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology","author":"Menke HE","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Progressive and confluent hypomelanosis of the melanodermic metis","volume":"119","author":"Guillet G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"880","article-title":"Progressive macular confluent hypomelanosis in mixed ethnic melanodermic subjects: an epidemiologic study of 511 patients","volume":"121","author":"Lesueur A","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"836","volume-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Ortonne JP","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004192232357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Halaban R","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","unstructured":"ChuDH HaakeAR HolbrookK et al.The structure and development of skin. In:FreedburgIM EisenAZ WolffK et al. eds.Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine 6th edn. 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