{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:48:09Z","timestamp":1772160489749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]],"date-time":"2006-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fixed drug eruption (FDE) causes cosmetic embarrassment in Nigerian patients, particularly when the characteristic hyperpigmented patches affect the face and lips. Drugs that have been implicated in the etiology of FDE, and the sites of lesions, may vary from country to country. Antimalarials, such as Fansidar, Fancimef, Maloxine, Amalar, and Metakelfin, were the most common offending agents, accounting for 38% of FDEs, followed by trimethoprim\u00a0+\u00a0sulfamethoxazole (co\u2010trimoxazole) (28%), dipyrones (10%), Butazolidin (6%), thiacetazone (6%), metronidazole (4%), paracetamol (3%), and naproxen (3%). Lesions induced by the combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (in antimalarials) mainly involved the face and lips. In most cases, patients took these sulfa\u2010containing antimalarials in combination with numerous other drugs, particularly analgesics. Unlike chloroquine\u2010induced pruritus, which affects most Africans, the association between antimalarials and FDE has not been well documented in our region. Co\u2010trimoxazole was associated more often than antimalarials with FDEs involving the mucocutaneous junctions of the genitalia and lips. Males with genital lesions on the glans penis represented 11 (48%) of those with co\u2010trimoxazole hypersensitivity. The trunk and limbs were affected mainly by pyrazoles and Butazolidin, respectively; however, solitary lesions on the trunk were usually due to co\u2010trimoxazole, whereas solitary lesions on the limbs were associated with Butazolidin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02912.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]],"date-time":"2006-08-31T11:17:13Z","timestamp":1157023033000},"page":"1062-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Fixed drug eruption in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Edith N.","family":"Nnoruka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. O.","family":"Ikeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. U.","family":"Mbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200001050-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1995.tb00970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","article-title":"Genital fixed drug eruptions","volume":"6","author":"Sehgal VN","year":"1986","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","unstructured":"TerneroP De BarrioM BaezaMI et al.Cross\u2010reactivity among P. amino compounds in sulfonamide fixed drug eruption: diagnostic value of patch testing."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890330150036","article-title":"Cross\u2010reactivity in fixed drug eruptions to tetracycline","volume":"132","author":"Tham SN","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"242","article-title":"Fixed drug eruption occurring on the male genitals","volume":"45","author":"Gafoor PM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(03)01588-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Polysensitivity and familiar occurrence in fixed drug eruption","volume":"36","author":"Bhargaava P","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1979.tb04473.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2006.02912.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02912.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T22:16:28Z","timestamp":1696889788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02912.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02912.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02912.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1092401.546831","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-08-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}