{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:37:16Z","timestamp":1791185836008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]],"date-time":"2010-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003CD25<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2003 regulatory T cells (T\u2010regs) were reported to increase in chronic infections. We aimed at studying their frequency in leprosy to investigate their role during <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Using flow cytometry, the frequency and FoxP3 expression of circulating T\u2010regs was assessed in 38 leprosy patients and 38 healthy controls. Patients were divided into; group I tuberculoid (TT), group II borderline cases [borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline (BB), and borderline lepromatous (BL)], group III lepromatous (LL), and group IV erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Mean T\u2010regs% and FoxP3 expression were significantly elevated in patients (particularly TT) compared to controls (3.8\u2003\u00b1\u20032.5% vs. 2.5\u2003\u00b1\u20030.8% and 78.8\u2003\u00b1\u200356.2% vs. 55.8\u2003\u00b1\u200315.7%, respectively) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Comparing the four disease groups, T\u2010regs% was significantly different (median 5.3% in group I, 3.4% in group II, 2.8% in group III, and 1.2% in group IV; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.005). FoxP3% on T\u2010regs was not significantly different between them [median 71.5% in TT, 62.3% in borderline categories, 67.75% in LL, and 85.75% in ENL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.149). Notably FoxP3 expression was significantly higher in ENL than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.011).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> The frequency and suppressive marker of circulating T\u2010regs are elevated in TT patients. Patients with LL and ENL express significantly lower frequency of T\u2010regs and higher FoxP3 expression (in ENL), consistent with disease progression and immune hyper\u2010activation in these disease categories. Thus, rather than being detrimental to immunity, intact T\u2010regs activity may be beneficial to leprosy patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04535.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,28]],"date-time":"2010-09-28T16:07:24Z","timestamp":1285690044000},"page":"1152-1158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Circulating CD4<sup>+<\/sup>\u2003CD25<sup>high<\/sup>FoxP3<sup>+<\/sup>\u2003T cells vary in different clinical forms of leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Enas A. S.","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"El Tabbakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"El\u2010Shennawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala 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