{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:47:28Z","timestamp":1792223248869,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]],"date-time":"2010-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010kala\u2010azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermal sequela of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), reported mainly from two regions \u2013 Sudan in eastern Africa and the Indian subcontinent, with incidences of 50\u201360% and 5\u201310%, respectively. Importantly, patients with PKDL are considered as reservoirs of VL, linking its eradication to effective control of PKDL. The etiopathogenesis of PKDL is presumably due to an immunological assault on latent dermal parasites. Immunological markers include IL\u201010, whose expression in skin and plasma of Sudanese patients with VL predicted onset of PKDL. Cell\u2010mediated immune responses, notably restoration of IFN\u2010\u03b3 production by antigen\u2010stimulated lymphocytes are well documented in Sudanese PKDL, but remain ambiguous in the Indian form; recently, antigen\u2010specific IL\u201010\u2010producing CD8+ lymphocytes have been implicated in pathogenesis. In Indian PKDL, upregulation of intralesional IFN\u2010\u03b3 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 is counterbalanced by IL\u201010 and TGF\u2010\u03b2 together with downregulated IFN\u2010\u03b3 R1. Although IL\u201010 curtails excessive IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010mediated reactivity and ensures parasite survival, its cellular source remains to be confirmed, with infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) being a likely candidate. Future functional investigations on Tregs and their interaction with lesional effector lymphocytes would be indispensable for development of immunomodulatory therapies against <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04558.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]],"date-time":"2010-07-19T04:49:56Z","timestamp":1279514996000},"page":"921-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Post\u2010kala\u2010azar dermal leishmaniasis \u2013 an overview"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sudipto","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilay Kanti","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyashree Nath","family":"Barbhuiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00517-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"A new form of cutaneous leishmaniasis\u2010dermal leishmanoid","volume":"57","author":"Brahmachari UN","year":"1922","journal-title":"Indian Med. 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