{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T07:59:52Z","timestamp":1758268792052},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]],"date-time":"2012-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> Mucocutaneous lesions occur at one point or the other during the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. These lesions can be the initial presenting features but could also be a pointer to the presence of immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim and objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study was carried out to determine the pattern of mucocutaneous manifestation in children who have human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) in relation to their level of immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> One hundred children who were HIV seropositive aged 18\u2003months to 16\u2003years were evaluated for mucocutaneous lesions, and their degree of immunosuppression was also determined using total CD<jats:sub>4+<\/jats:sub> count or CD<jats:sub>4+<\/jats:sub> percentage. Another group of age and gender matched 100 HIV\u2010negative children were also examined for mucocutaneous lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The mucocutaneous manifestations were more common among the subjects compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.000). The overall prevalence among the seropositive and seronegative subjects was 64% and 12% respectively. The prevalence of mucocutaneous findings in children with severe, moderate, and no immunosuppression were 93.8%, 55.2%, and 46.2%, respectively. The lesions were significantly more common among those with moderate and severe immunosuppression compared to those with no immunosuppression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.000). Multiple lesions were more frequent among those with severe immunosuppression. Oral thrush was the most frequent lesion (25.6%) among the subjects followed by pruritic papular eruption (20.7%) and dermatophytosis (14.1%). Severe and atypical forms of dermatophytosis and herpes ulcer were also observed among the subjects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study shows that mucocutaneous lesions are common in children with HIV\/AIDS and could be an early indicator of immune suppression. It is important to recognize them early in order to enhance early case detection and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05077.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]],"date-time":"2012-02-20T19:49:48Z","timestamp":1329767388000},"page":"305-312","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mucocutaneous manifestation of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV\/AIDS) in relation to degree of immunosuppression: a study of a West African 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