{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:28:41Z","timestamp":1793039321954,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]],"date-time":"2012-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Erythema multiforme (EM) is an uncommon, immune\u2010mediated disorder that presents with cutaneous or mucosal lesions or both. In herpes simplex virus (HSV)\u2013associated EM, the findings are thought to result from cell\u2010mediated immune reaction against viral antigen\u2010positive cells that contain the HSV DNA polymerase gene (<jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic>\u200a). The target lesion, with concentric zones of color change, represents the characteristic cutaneous finding seen in this disorder. Although EM can be induced by various factors, HSV infection continues to be the most common inciting factor. Histopathologic testing and other laboratory investigations may be used to confirm the diagnosis of EM and to differentiate it from other clinical imitators. Imitators of EM include urticaria, Stevens\u2010Johnson syndrome, fixed drug eruption, bullous pemphigoid, paraneoplastic pemphigus, Sweet's syndrome, Rowell's syndrome, polymorphus light eruption, and cutaneous small\u2010vessel vasculitis. Because disease severity and mucosal involvement differ among patients, treatment should be tailored to each patient, with careful consideration of treatment risk vs benefit. Mild cutaneous involvement of EM can be managed primarily with a goal of achieving symptomatic improvement; however, patients with HSV\u2010associated recurrent EM and idiopathic recurrent EM require treatment with antiviral prophylaxis. Inpatient hospitalization may be required for patients with severe mucosal involvement that causes poor oral intake and subsequent fluid and electrolyte imbalance. With this review, we strive to provide guidance to the practicing dermatologist in the evaluation and treatment of a patient with EM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05348.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,13]],"date-time":"2012-07-13T16:00:07Z","timestamp":1342195207000},"page":"889-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":268,"title":["Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Olayemi","family":"Sokumbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Wetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690170041005"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_2","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Dermatology","author":"French LE","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.8.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)80003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_2","volume-title":"Fitzpatrick\u2019s Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Roujeau J\u2010C","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2006.00307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198905000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4806846"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03566.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1994.tb00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074112"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91435-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200809020-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_19_2","first-page":"333","article-title":"Persistent erythema multiforme and CMV infection","volume":"6","author":"Wanner M","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12484029"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_21_2","first-page":"536","volume-title":"Weedon\u2019s Skin Pathology","author":"Weedon D","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D37V35W30D"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30925-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1974.01630050028006","article-title":"Dermal and epidermal types of erythema multiforme: a histopathologic study of 24 cases","volume":"109","author":"Orfanos CE","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_28_2","first-page":"276","article-title":"Atypical erythema multiforme: a marker of malignancy? 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