{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:06:29Z","timestamp":1792004789588,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]],"date-time":"2012-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic> was the only known cause of leprosy until 2008, when a new species, named <jats:italic>Mycobacterium lepromatosis<\/jats:italic>, was found to cause diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL), a unique form of leprosy endemic in Mexico.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> We sought to differentiate the leprosy agents among 120 Mexican patients with various clinical forms of leprosy and to compare their relative prevalences and disease features. Archived skin biopsy specimens from these patients were tested for both <jats:italic>M.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M.\u00a0lepromatosis<\/jats:italic> using polymerase chain reaction\u2010based species\u2010specific assays.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Etiologic species were confirmed in 87 (72.5%) patients, of whom 55 were infected with <jats:italic>M.\u00a0lepromatosis<\/jats:italic>, 18 with <jats:italic>M.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic>, and 14 with both organisms. The endemic regions of each agent differed but overlapped. Patients with <jats:italic>M.\u00a0lepromatosis<\/jats:italic> were younger and were distributed across more states; their clinical diagnoses included DLL (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200313), lepromatous leprosy (LL) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200334), and eight other forms of leprosy. By contrast, the diagnoses of patients with <jats:italic>M.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic> did not include DLL but did include LL (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200315) and three other forms of leprosy. Thus, <jats:italic>M.\u00a0lepromatosis<\/jats:italic> caused DLL specifically (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.023). Patients with <jats:italic>M.\u00a0lepromatosis<\/jats:italic> also showed more variable skin lesions; the extremities were the most common sites of biopsy in these patients. Finally, patients with dual infections manifested all clinical forms and accounted for 16.1% of all species\u2010confirmed cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Mycobacterium lepromatosis<\/jats:italic> is another cause of leprosy and is probably more prevalent than <jats:italic>M.\u00a0leprae<\/jats:italic> in Mexico. It mainly causes LL and also specifically DLL. Dual infections caused by both species may occur in endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05414.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,13]],"date-time":"2012-07-13T16:00:07Z","timestamp":1342195207000},"page":"952-959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["The leprosy agents <i>Mycobacterium lepromatosis<\/i> and <i>Mycobacterium leprae<\/i> in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Xiang Y.","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt Clement","family":"Sizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas S.","family":"Velarde\u2010F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis O.","family":"Frias\u2010Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Vargas\u2010Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science\/1109759"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"966","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Gelber RH","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Weekly epidemiological record. 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