{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T14:41:20Z","timestamp":1782225680876,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold>Single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) have been implicated in various autoimmune diseases; however, the results are quite controversial, and there is still no widely accepted opinion about their role in the pathology of the autoimmune diseases. This is a pilot study to investigate the association of six SNPs of the TNF\u2010\u03b1 gene with the risk of adult dermatomyositis (DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Bulgarian patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>Twenty\u2010seven patients with DM and 27 with SLE were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood, and six SNPs (\u22121031T\/C, \u2212863C\/A, \u2212857C\/T, \u2212308G\/A, \u2212238G\/A, +489G\/A) were selected for investigation by polymerase chain reaction\u2010restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>We found association between the TNF\u2010\u03b1\u22121031CC genotype and SLE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.025) and tendency for association with DM (<jats:italic>P\u2003=<\/jats:italic>\u20030.0876). The association appeared even stronger in the female patients with SLE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.024) and DM (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.067). The TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2212857GG genotype shows weak association with SLE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.097, OR 2.06, 95% CI 0.81\u20135.29) when analyzed for the whole group, but it appeared significantly associated with SLE in women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.048, OR 3.23, 95% CI 0.93\u201311.14). The \u2212863C allele showed association with arthritis in patients with SLE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.008). The haplotype analysis revealed a significant association between TNF \u22121031C\/\u2212863C\/\u2212857C\/\u2212308G\/+489G haplotype with both DM (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.022) and SLE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.007) in women.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>The TNF\u2010\u03b1 polymorphisms are associated with increased relative risk mainly for SLE, particularly in women, while their role for DM is less evident and needs further analysis in an enlarged sample cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05522.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]],"date-time":"2012-08-23T04:04:23Z","timestamp":1345694663000},"page":"1467-1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association of TNF\u2010\u03b1 polymorphisms with adult dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Bulgarian patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lyubomir","family":"Dourmishev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zornitsa","family":"Kamenarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumyana","family":"Dodova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radka","family":"Kaneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanio","family":"Mitev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Incidence of PM\/DM: a 20\u2010year study of hospital diagnosed cases in Allegheny Country PA 1963\u201082","volume":"17","author":"Oddis CV","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2004.13.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330826","article-title":"HLA\u2010D region genes associated with autoantibody responses to Jo\u20101 (histidil\u2010tRNA synthetase) and other translation\u2010related factors in myositis","volume":"33","author":"Goldstein R","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339400300505"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199303000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00681.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199711000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.5.353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/rr194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"5213","article-title":"Association of polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha gene promoter region with outcome of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"11","author":"Li HQ","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79313-7_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"BalevaM NikolovK VinarovaJ et\u00a0al.The first retrospective and prospective database for immunological disease in Bulgaria \u201cImunolog\u201d. 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