{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:23:16Z","timestamp":1772659396064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti\u2010hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and HCV genotypes\/subtypes among patients with lichen planus (LP) in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Fifty patients with LP and 50 healthy blood donors were recruited from dermatology outpatient clinics, and blood samples along with demographic and clinical data were collected. Sera were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, bilirubin, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, anti\u2010HCV antibodies, and HCV\u2010RNA. Patients with anti\u2010HCV\u2010positive LP were genotyped and subtyped.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Clinical examination revealed that 26 (55.3%) of our patients had cutaneous LP, and 10 (21.30%) presented with oral LP. Eleven (23.4%) patients with LP had cutaneous as well as oral infection. Twenty\u2010eight (59.6%) of our patients with LP were exposed to a variety of HCV risk factors, including history of intramuscular injections (nine of 47; 19%), blood transfusion (seven of 47; 15%), and exposure to family member with HCV infection (five of 47; 10.6%). Of the 47 patients with LP, six (12.76%) tested positive for anti\u2010HCV antibodies, with two of six (33.33%) being HCV\u2010RNA positive showing HCV genotypes 1b and 4a, respectively. Mean\u2003\u00b1\u2003SD serum levels of ALT and AST among patients with anti\u2010HCV\u2010positive LP (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20036) were slightly higher as compared with patients with anti\u2010HCV\u2010negative LP. None of the 50 healthy blood donors tested positive for anti\u2010HCV antibodies, and their liver function test profiles were within normal reference range.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our findings are in agreement with earlier reports that HCV infection is associated with LP and recommend the screening of patients with LP for ALT, AST, and anti\u2010HCV antibodies for early diagnosis of HCV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05685.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T04:07:02Z","timestamp":1368677222000},"page":"171-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hepatitis C virus genotypes among patients with lichen planus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Mona","family":"Halawani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1999.6120139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Hepatitis\u2010global prevalence (update)","volume":"89","author":"WHO","year":"2000","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80367-5","article-title":"EASL international consensus conference on hepatitis C: consensus statement","volume":"31","author":"EASL","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","volume-title":"Current Status of HCV Infection in Egypt","author":"El\u2010Zayadi A","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890400413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8438"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in blood donars, pregnant women and hemodialysis patients in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia","volume":"14","author":"Fathalla SE","year":"1993","journal-title":"SMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Importance of second generation and confirmatory, testing in diagnosing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with non\u2010A, non\u2010B (NANB) hepatitis","volume":"5","author":"Bakir TMF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.889","article-title":"Hepatitis C: prevalence and common genotypes among ethnic groups in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"61","author":"Fakeeh M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(95)80003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i4.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Response rates to standard interferon treatment in HCV genotypes 3a","volume":"21","author":"Qureshi S","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80368-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C","author":"Birnkrant AP","year":"2004","journal-title":"eMedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00013-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV infection","volume":"16","author":"Alessandra G","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. 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