{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:50:48Z","timestamp":1761630648047},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histoid leprosy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare variant of lepromatous leprosy presenting with well\u2010defined smooth shiny papules and nodules. This can mimic many other dermatoses and can be missed clinically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective 10\u2010year study. Data were obtained and analyzed from case records of the urban leprosy clinic at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>overnment <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>edical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ollege, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>rivandrum, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>erala (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndia).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 17 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content> in this study. The male\/female ratio was 16\u00a0:\u00a01 and the 41\u201350\u2010year\u2010old age group accounted for the maximum number of cases (six, 35.29%); 11 cases (64.70%) were <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content>. Papules were the commonest skin lesions encountered (17, 100%), while the upper and lower limbs and trunk were the most common sites involved (11, 64.70%). Earlobe infiltration was seen in 10 cases (58.82%). Lepra reactions were seen in four (23.52%) cases. Deformity\/disability occurred only in two cases (11.76%). The mean morphological index was 30.58%, while the mean bacteriological index was 5.17. Epidermal atrophy and a well\u2010circumscribed dermal area packed with spindle\u2010shaped histiocytes and positive for acid\u2010fast bacilli were the main histopathological features seen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of cases in this study were <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content> can occur even when there is no history of inadequate or irregular treatment. Papules rather than nodules were the most common skin lesions seen. Earlobe infiltration was seen in the majority of cases unlike that reported in the literature. Lepra reactions are very rare in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05753.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T07:32:52Z","timestamp":1366183972000},"page":"580-586","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A clinical and histopathological study of histoid leprosy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sukumaran","family":"Pradeep Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology and Venereology Government Medical College Trivandrum Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopinathan","family":"Nanda Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Government Medical College Trivandrum Kerala India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"The histoid variety of lepromatous leprosy","volume":"31","author":"Wade HW","year":"1963","journal-title":"Int J Lepr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Histoid leprosy. 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