{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:20:54Z","timestamp":1773325254459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,17]],"date-time":"2013-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous tuberculosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>) is less common than other forms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> but accounts for 1.5% of all cases of extrapulmonary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. The source of mycobacterial infection and the immune status of the host determine the presentation of any of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Lupus vulgaris (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content>) is a post\u2010primary, paucibacillary form of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> caused by hematogeneous, lymphatic, or contiguous spread from elsewhere in the body.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report two recent cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> in women presenting with the exclusive involvement of the ear lobe. In Patient 1, clinical presentation appeared as an apparently benign chronic eczematous process. In Patient 2, it appeared as a fulminant ulceronecrotic process. Both women were immunocompetent, and neither had a personal or family history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both patients were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> and treated with standard antitubercular therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATT<\/jats:styled-content>). In both patients, mycobacterial culture showed growth of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> sensitive to streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lupus vulgaris is the most common form of cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content>. It is important to diagnose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> because it can result in chronic disfigurement and because 10\u201320% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> patients have active pulmonary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> of the bones and joints. In addition, longstanding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LV<\/jats:styled-content> is known to lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, which can be avoided by early diagnosis and treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05759.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,17]],"date-time":"2013-05-17T07:51:31Z","timestamp":1368777091000},"page":"714-717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cutaneous tuberculosis of the pinna: a report of two cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sowmya","family":"Kaimal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Aithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muthu Sendhil","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology St John's Medical College Hospital Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1987.tb02294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2011.http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/2011\/gtbr11_full.pdf. 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