{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:39:09Z","timestamp":1788932349069,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regulatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs) play an important role in autoimmune diseases. In skin, the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs is thought to be mandatory for suppression of autoreactive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells. Here, we assess the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs in skin of healthy subjects and patients with an autoimmune dermatosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemical stainings for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3 on skin biopsies of healthy subjects and subjects with psoriasis, vitiligo, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, and halo nevus to assess the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> and regulatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> cells, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low numbers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3+ and FOXP3+ cells were seen in the skin of healthy controls (median\u00a0=\u00a00.5%). A significantly higher frequency of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs was seen in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis (median\u00a0=\u00a012.4%) and patients with bullous pemphigoid (median\u00a0=\u00a010.1%) as compared to controls. In vitiligo (median\u00a0=\u00a00.0%), pemphigus vulgaris (median\u00a0=\u00a05.2%), and halo nevi (median\u00a0=\u00a05.4%), no significant difference in number of FOXP3+ cells was observed when compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>As confirmed in the literature, few <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs were seen in healthy skin. A high number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs were present in lesional skin from patients with psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid. These results support the hypothesis that not a decrease in number but rather a decrease in function of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>regs would be at the basis of autoimmune skin diseases, which could result in unrestrained activation autoreactive T cells in skin of patients with autoimmune dermatoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05808.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T03:39:05Z","timestamp":1377229145000},"page":"294-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Immunohistochemical analysis of <scp>FOXP<\/scp>3+ regulatory <scp>T<\/scp> cells in healthy human skin and autoimmune dermatoses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Terras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Gambichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose K. C.","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Altmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.108.3.586","article-title":"Suppressor T cells","volume":"108","author":"Gershon RK","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni904"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/83713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/83707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.6A7119.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2010.22.4.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000099585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.6468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00688.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-4632.2012.05808.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05808.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T12:32:39Z","timestamp":1696336359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05808.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05808.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05808.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-9059","1365-4632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-9059","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-4632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-08-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}