{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:40:41Z","timestamp":1781062841686,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin diseases characterize all stages of human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>) and contribute significantly to associated morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to document the prevalences, patterns, and extents (severity) of skin diseases and their relationships with immunologic status in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 140 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> patients in different stages of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and 140 controls were recruited. Skin diseases were documented and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ cell counts determined in all subjects. Severity was assessed according to the body surface area affected (using the Wallace rule of nines and the rule of palm) for lesions that tended to be widespread. The number of digits involved was counted for lesions involving the nails. Intensity of pain was graded for specific conditions such as herpes zoster. Chi\u2010squared statistics and Pearson correlations were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation age was 35.04\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.83\u00a0years in the patient group and 32.21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.30\u00a0years in the control group. The prevalences and patterns of skin diseases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> patients were similar to those reported in previous studies. Most commonly found dermatoses were oral candidiasis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a028, 20.0%), pruritic papular eruption (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a027, 19.3%), xeroderma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023, 16.4%), dermatophytosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022, 15.7%), and fluffy hair (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019, 13.6%). The presence of specific skin lesions represented a better correlate with immunosuppression than cutaneous extents. However, the extents of viral warts and multiple blue\u2013black nails correlated significantly with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ cell count. The presence of a lighter hair color phenotype signifies a lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ cell count than a softer hair phenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of specific skin lesions correlates more strongly with a low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ cell count than does the extent of their distribution, except in cases of viral warts. The presence of and higher numbers of nails affected with blue\u2013black nail hyperpigmentation suggest severe immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05820.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T09:13:08Z","timestamp":1383037988000},"page":"416-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Frequency, pattern, and extent of skin diseases in relation to <scp>CD<\/scp>4+ cell count among adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Adeolu Oladayo","family":"Akinboro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and Lautech Teaching Hospital Osogbo Osun Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaniyi","family":"Onayemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology University Teaching Hospital Complex and College of Health Sciences Obafemi Awolowo University Ile\u2010Ife Osun Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodele D.","family":"Mejiuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bullsbrook Family Medical Practice Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"UNGASS.UNGASS country progress report: Nigeria.2010.http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/pub\/Report\/2010\/nigeria_2010_country_progress _report_en.pdf[Accessed January 20 2011]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic.2010.http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/globalreport\/Global_report.htm. 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