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However, as there are contradictory results regarding the melatonin production diurnal profile under alcohol consumption, the aim of this paper was to study the phenomenology and mechanisms of the putative modifications on the daily profile of melatonin production in rats submitted to chronic alcohol intake. The present results show that rats receiving 10% ethanol in drinking water for 35 days display an altered daily profile of melatonin production, with a phase delay and a reduction in the nocturnal peak. This can be partially explained by a loss of the daily rhythm and the 25% reduction in tryptophan hydroxylase activity and, mainly, by a phase delay in arylalkylamine N\u2010acetyltransferase gene expression and a 70% reduction in its peak activity. Upstream in the melatonin synthesis pathway, the results showed that noradrenergic signaling is impaired as well, with a decrease in \u03b21 and \u03b11 adrenergic receptors' mRNA contents and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> sustained loss of noradrenergic\u2010stimulated melatonin production by glands from alcohol\u2010treated rats. Together, these results confirm the alterations in the daily melatonin profile of alcoholic rats and suggest the possible mechanisms for the observed melatonin synthesis modification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00342.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T16:21:29Z","timestamp":1307118089000},"page":"580-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ethanol consumption and pineal melatonin daily profile in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Peres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Gaspar","family":"do Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago 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