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We make first use of the high affinity ligand [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fallypride to obtain serial measures of D<jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub> receptor availability in striatal and extrastriatal regions of AD patients undergoing detoxification. Seventeen patients (mean age 44\u2003\u00b1\u20035y) with AD and 14 age\u2010matched healthy volunteers participated. Each patient underwent [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fallypride PET upon hospital admission, and again 1\u20132\u2003weeks later; two patients achieving abstinence, and two with substantial harm reduction had additional PET follow\u2010up at 1\u2003year. Dynamic 180\u2010minute PET recordings were used for volume of interest (VOI)\u2010based and voxel\u2010wise analysis of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fallypride binding potential (<jats:italic>BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>). Mean baseline <jats:italic>BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> in striatum of the AD patients (15.7\u2003\u00b1\u20033.6) was unaltered during short\u2010term follow\u2010up, and did not differ from that in healthy controls (16.8\u2003\u00b1\u20033.0); however, <jats:italic>BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> was 10\u201320% lower in thalamus, hippocampus, and insular and temporal cortex of the AD patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Age\u2010dependent declines in <jats:italic>BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> were very small in controls, but more pronounced and widespread in the AD group. Striatal and thalamic <jats:italic>BP<jats:sub>ND<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> increased by 30% in four patients with long\u2010term abstinence or reduced alcohol consumption. VOI\u2010based [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fallypride PET analyses revealed group differences in D<jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub> receptor availability primarily in extra\u2010striatal regions. Age\u2010related loss of dopamine D<jats:sub>2\/3<\/jats:sub> receptors was more pronounced in AD patients. Receptor availability was unaltered by acute withdrawal, but increased in the subgroup of patients with long\u2010term follow\u2010up, suggesting reversibility of receptor changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00355.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,3]],"date-time":"2011-10-03T08:57:00Z","timestamp":1317632220000},"page":"490-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["[<sup>18<\/sup>F]fallypride PET measurement of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D<sub>2\/3<\/sub> receptor availability in recently abstinent 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