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The <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> Val158Met and <jats:italic>DRD2\/ANKK1<\/jats:italic> Taq1A genotypes have been suggested to affect both stress sensitivity and the risk for alcohol dependence. This study tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> Val158Met and <jats:italic>DRD2\/ANKK1<\/jats:italic> Taq1A interacts with childhood adverse experiences to predict alcohol dependence. Male abstinent alcohol\u2010dependent patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003110) and age\u2010matched healthy male controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200399) were genotyped for the <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> Val158Met and the <jats:italic>DRD2\/ANKK1<\/jats:italic> Taq1A genotypes. Childhood adverse events were measured using three self\u2010report questionnaires. Alcohol dependence severity, age of onset and duration of alcohol dependence were analyzed as secondary outcome measures. Statistical analysis involved logistic regression analysis and analysis of variance. Alcohol\u2010dependent patients reported increased childhood adversity. The interaction between childhood adversity and the <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> Val158Met genotype added significantly to the prediction model. This gene\u2013environment interaction was confirmed in the analysis of the secondary outcome measures, i.e. alcohol dependence severity, age of onset and duration of alcohol dependence. The <jats:italic>DRD2\/ANKK1<\/jats:italic> Taq1A genotype was not related to alcohol dependence, nor did it interact with childhood adversity in predicting alcohol dependence. This study provides evidence for a gene\u2013environment interaction in alcohol dependence, in which an individual's sensitivity to childhood adverse experience is moderated by the <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> genotype. Exposed carriers of a low\u2010activity Met allele have a higher risk to develop severe alcohol dependence than individuals homozygous for the Val allele.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00438.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]],"date-time":"2012-04-17T17:46:44Z","timestamp":1334684804000},"page":"344-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["<i>COMT<\/i> Val158Met modulates the effect of childhood adverse experiences on the risk of alcohol dependence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Arnt F. 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