{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:19:23Z","timestamp":1789589963026,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,27]],"date-time":"2006-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1140998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The reported impact of day\u2010care attendance on respiratory and atopic symptoms has varied between studies from different countries. Regarding to the \u2018hygiene\u2010hypothesis\u2019, day\u2010care attendance may lead to less sensitization later in life, but the question still is whether day\u2010care attendance and subsequent exposure to more frequent early infections is a risk or a protection against future allergic disease or asthma (atopic and nonatopic).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A cross\u2010sectional postal questionnaire was replied by parents of 10\u2003851 children, aged 1\u20136\u2003years, in the year 2000 in a Swedish region (DBH\u2010phase 1). The questionnaire focused on respiratory and atopic symptoms, the home environment and information on day care of the children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Children in day care were reported to have more symptoms than children in home care: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for wheezing last 12\u2003months, AOR 1.33 (CI 95%: 1.12\u20131.58), cough at night apart from colds last 12\u2003months AOR 1.56 (CI: 1.17\u20132.07), doctor diagnosed asthma AOR 1.23 (CI: 0.88\u20131.71), rhinitis last 12\u2003months AOR 1.15 (CI: 0.92\u20131.44), doctor diagnosed hay fever AOR 1.75 (CI: 0.94\u20133.23), eczema last 12\u2003months, AOR 1.49 (CI: 1.24\u20131.79), allergic reactions to foods, AOR 1.27 (CI: 1.07\u20131.52), &gt;6 colds last 12\u2003months of 2.57 (CI: 2.12\u20133.12) and ear infection ever AOR 2.14 (CI: 1.87\u20132.45). The increased risks were mainly seen and reached significance in the youngest group of children, aged 1\u20134\u2003years. Adjusting and stratification for the number of airway infections last year did not change the risk associated with day\u2010care attendance for allergic diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Attending day care was associated with an increased risk of symptoms related to airways infections as well with eczema and allergic reactions to food. No sign of protection from day\u2010care attendance for allergic diseases was found up to 6\u2003years of age. Multiple airway infections and day\u2010care attendance were found to be independently associated with asthma and allergic symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.01031.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,27]],"date-time":"2006-02-27T11:13:05Z","timestamp":1141038785000},"page":"447-453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Day\u2010care attendance and increased risk for respiratory and allergic symptoms in preschool 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