{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T02:56:18Z","timestamp":1768618578003,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,4]],"date-time":"2007-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class II genes <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic> and the Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 gene (<jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>) within the HLA complex (chromosome 6p21) have been associated with asthma and allergy. Due to the strong linkage disequilibrium characterizing this complex and the multiple asthma\/allergy expressions, we aimed to determine which of these genes were primarily involved in specific asthma\/allergy traits.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The <jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic> alleles and <jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>\u2010308 polymorphism were genotyped in 959 children from the Environment and Childhood Asthma study and analyzed for possible associations with allergic and non\u2010allergic asthma (with\/without at least one positive skin prick test for allergens) and specific allergic sensitization, as well as bronchial hyperresponsiveness and total IgE, using both allele and extended haplotype analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Different genes within the HLA complex were associated with separate asthma and allergy traits. Nonallergic asthma was associated with both the <jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>\u2010308A allele [Odds ratio (OR) 1.7 (1.3\u20132.3)] and <jats:italic>DRB1*<\/jats:italic>03 allele [OR 1.6(1\u20132.6)], but extended <jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>*03\u2010<jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>\u2010308 haplotype analysis suggested that the <jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic> association was secondary to linkage disequilibrium with the <jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic>\u2010308 polymorphism. Allergies were associated with HLA class II alleles only; birch sensitization with <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic>*0603\u2010<jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>*13 [OR 2.3 (1.4\u20134.0)] and mugwort sensitization with <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic>*0609\u2010<jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>*13 [OR 7.1 (1.9\u201327.0)] and <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic>*0501\u2010<jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>*01 [OR 2.0 (1.0\u20134.0)].<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our data suggests that asthma is not associated with <jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic> but rather <jats:italic>TNFA<\/jats:italic> or a gene(s) in linkage disequilibrium, while sensitization to specific allergens is associated with particular alleles at the DQ and\/or DR loci. A novel association between <jats:italic>DQB1<\/jats:italic>*0603\u2010<jats:italic>DRB1<\/jats:italic>*13 and birch allergy is identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01377.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]],"date-time":"2007-08-07T03:05:52Z","timestamp":1186455952000},"page":"991-998","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["HLA Dr\u2010Dq haplotypes and the TNFA\u2010308 polymorphism: associations with asthma and allergy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"M. C.","family":"Munthe\u2010Kaas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Carlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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