{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:40:22Z","timestamp":1777603222229,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with atopic eczema frequently experience colonization with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> that is directly correlated with the eczema severity. We hypothesized that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\u2010secreted enterotoxins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) are involved in the pathophysiology of atopic keratoconjunctivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKC<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 45 subjects (18 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKC<\/jats:styled-content>, nine vernal keratoconjunctivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content>), eight seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAC<\/jats:styled-content>), and ten healthy volunteers) were enrolled. Slit lamp examinations, including fluorescein staining, were performed. Scraped samples were collected from the upper tarsal conjunctiva, lower conjunctival sacs, and the skin around the eyelid margins. Superantigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>g) genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 45 cases, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> was detected significantly more in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKC<\/jats:styled-content> patients than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.026), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAC<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0003), and healthy volunteers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>g genes were detected in 11 patients. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEB<\/jats:styled-content> (2\/11), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEG<\/jats:styled-content> (8\/11), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEI<\/jats:styled-content> (8\/11) were detected, but no other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>. There was a significant difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> detection between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAC<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). In severe types of ocular allergic disease such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VKC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a027), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in six of ten patients with corneal ulcers and two of 17 patients without corneal ulcers. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in significantly more patients with corneal ulcers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.025).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> were detected more frequently compared with other patients and healthy volunteers, especially in association with corneal ulceration suggesting a role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>. So far, it is unknown whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content> leads to tissue damage of the cornea by initiating an immune response or has direct toxic effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02818.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T06:54:07Z","timestamp":1334040847000},"page":"799-803","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The role of <scp>S<\/scp>taphylococcal enterotoxin in atopic keratoconjunctivitis and corneal ulceration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Fujishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine Yokohama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dogru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biosciences Keio University Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Biosciences Keio University Tsuruoka, Yamagata Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy &amp; Immunology National Research Institute for Child Health &amp; Development Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy &amp; Immunology National Research Institute for Child Health &amp; Development Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy &amp; Immunology National Research Institute for Child Health &amp; Development Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000249493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"The immune response to S. aureus in atopic dermatitis","volume":"114","author":"Hauser C","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00406-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Ocular complications of vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"34","author":"Tabbara KF","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32477-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11310760-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70390-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80010-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91641-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.11.6174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31819711cf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000224639.58848.6f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.047167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"932","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein as a marker for assessing the efficacy of tacrolimus ophthalmic solution in the treatment of atopic keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"17","author":"Wakamatsu TH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.5.1571-1578.1997","article-title":"Specific roles of alpha\u2010toxin and beta\u2010toxin during Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection","volume":"65","author":"O'Callaghan RJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2008.0103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2009.0087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112848"}],"container-title":["Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1398-9995.2012.02818.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02818.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T04:39:32Z","timestamp":1698727172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02818.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02818.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02818.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0105-4538","1398-9995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0105-4538","type":"print"},{"value":"1398-9995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]]}}}