{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:13:42Z","timestamp":1760188422064},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]],"date-time":"2004-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\/aims:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Systemic dissemination of oral bacteria to distant body sites may be the cause of focal infections. The unsuitable use and overexposure to antimicrobial therapy in clinical dental practice may contribute to the worldwide problem of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibilities of streptococci isolated from the bloodstream after dental extractions against penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and a new fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients and methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Eighty\u2010four patients who required dental extractions were studied. Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at baseline (before dental manipulation) and 30 s after dental extractions. The samples were processed in the Bactec 9240. The isolated bacteria were identified by conventional microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 81 streptococci was determined by the <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\u2010test method. The NCCLS performance standards were followed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> 88.9\u201392.5% of the streptococci were sensitive to beta\u2010lactam agents tested with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)<jats:sub>90s<\/jats:sub> ranging from 0.094\u2003to 0.19\u2003mg\/l. The resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 40.8% (MIC<jats:sub>90HR<\/jats:sub>\u2003=\u2003256\u2003mg\/l) and 21% (MIC<jats:sub>90HR<\/jats:sub>\u2003=\u2003256\u2003mg\/l), respectively. The MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> to moxifloxacin was 0.125\u2003mg\/l.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Most of the streptococci isolated from the bloodstream after dental extractions were susceptible <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. The high percentage of streptococci resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin could restrict their usefulness as prophylactic drugs. All the isolates showed a low MIC of moxifloxacin <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, making it a promising antimicrobial alternative for the prevention of streptococcal focal infections associated with certain dental manipulations, when the administration of beta\u2010lactam agents is not indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302x.2004.00167.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]],"date-time":"2004-08-24T15:16:19Z","timestamp":1093360579000},"page":"331-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> activity of moxifloxacin compared to other antimicrobials against streptococci isolated from iatrogenic oral bacteremia in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Limeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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