{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:13:31Z","timestamp":1791274411332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]],"date-time":"2006-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Indoor air quality has become increasingly important as we live in a society where the majority of our time is spent indoors. Specific attention has been drawn to airborne fungal spores as a factor affecting indoor air quality. This study targeted shortcomings of other studies by utilizing long\u2010term air sampling and total fungal spore enumeration to determine associations between health outcomes and fungal spore concentrations. Infants (n\u2003=\u2003144) were clinically evaluated and had skin prick tests (SPT) for 17 allergens. Airborne fungal spores were collected using a Button Personal Inhalable Sampler (SKC Inc.) for 48\u2003h at a flow rate of 4\u2003l\/min. Sampling was conducted in the spring (March\u2013May) or fall (August\u2013October) in 2003\u20132004. Fungal spores were analyzed using microscopy\u2010based total counting and identified to the genus\/group level. Total spore and individual genus concentrations were analyzed for associations with rhinitis and positive SPT results. Overall, concentrations varied widely, between &lt;2 and 2294\u2003spores\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. While no relationship was observed between SPT(+) and <jats:italic>total<\/jats:italic> fungal counts, several significant associations were found when analysis was conducted on the various fungal genera and health outcomes. Positive associations were obtained between: Basidiospores and rhinitis (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.01), <jats:italic>Penicillium\/Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and SPT(+) to any allergen (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.01), and <jats:italic>Alternaria<\/jats:italic> and SPT(+) to any allergen (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). Inverse associations were found between: <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> and SPT(+) to any allergen (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), and <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> and SPT(+) to aeroallergens (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). This study indicates that health outcome may vary by fungal genera; some fungal types may have sensitizing effects while others may have a beneficial role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00414.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]],"date-time":"2006-06-12T16:05:11Z","timestamp":1150128311000},"page":"450-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Specific fungal exposures, allergic sensitization, and rhinitis in infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Osborne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Reponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atin","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Grinshpun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"LeMasters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/meg032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.107-1566224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2004.00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s3465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"329","article-title":"Alternaria spore and mycelium sensitivity in allergic patients: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"69","author":"Fadel R","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61283-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2004.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","volume-title":"Damp Indoor Spaces and Health","author":"IOM (Institute of Medicine)","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.6.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.013326"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70456-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.1.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620590897523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","volume-title":"Infant Aeroallergen Sensitization","author":"LeMasters GK","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Bioaerosols","author":"Eudney L","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2003.01618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.296.5567.490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MYCO.0000020592.72238.a6"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3038.2006.00414.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00414.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T23:26:49Z","timestamp":1696894009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00414.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00414.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00414.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,12]]}}}