{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:32:49Z","timestamp":1778581969566,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1169078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a population\u2010based longitudinal cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that children growing up in a high\u2010traffic polluted urban area (UA) in the Athens\u2019 basin have higher prevalence of allergies and sensitization when compared with those growing up in a Greek provincial rural area (RA). We recruited 478 and 342 children aged 8\u201310 living in the UA and the RA, respectively. Respiratory health was assessed by a parent\u2010completed questionnaire in three phases: 1995\u201396 (phase 1), 1999\u20132000 (phase 2), 2003\u201304 (phase 3) and skin\u2010prick testing to common indoor and outdoor aeroallergens was performed at phases 1 and 2. Reported asthma and eczema did not differ between the two areas, whereas reported hay fever was persistently more prevalent in the UA than in the RA (16.5%, 17.0%, 18.2% vs. 7.0%, 8.3%, 9.6%, respectively). Sensitization was more prevalent in the UA at both phases (19.0% vs. 12.1% in phase 1, 20.0% vs. 14.1% in phase 2). Residential area contributed independently to sensitization to \u22651 aeroallergens (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13\u20130.66; p\u2003=\u20030.003) and to polysensitization (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10\u20130.82; p\u2003=\u20030.020) in phase 1. These associations were independent of farming practices. No significant contributions were found in phase 2. Our results suggest that long\u2010term exposure to urban environment is associated with a higher prevalence of hay fever but not of asthma or eczema. The negative association between rural living and the risk of atopy during childhood, which is independent of farming practices, implies that it is mainly driven by an urban living effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00514.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,23]],"date-time":"2007-04-23T05:45:04Z","timestamp":1177307104000},"page":"209-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Increased sensitization in urban vs. rural environment \u2013 Rural protection or an urban living effect?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kostas N.","family":"Priftis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Anthracopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Nikolaou\u2010Papanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Mantziou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios G.","family":"Paliatsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Tzavelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polyxeni","family":"Nicolaidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Mantzouranis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008233230802"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00041103a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2003.00062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00800.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06252-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2002.01448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01841.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1994.tb01805.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200001000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","article-title":"Different effects of urban and rural environment in respiratory status of Greek schoolchildren","author":"Priftis K","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Skin tests used in type I allergy testing. 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