{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:40:57Z","timestamp":1792712457000,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:bold>To cite this article<\/jats:bold>: Shpakou A, Bro\u017cek G, Stryzhak A, Neviartovich T, Zejda J. Allergic diseases and respiratory symptoms in urban and rural children in Grodno Region (Belarus). <jats:italic>Pediatr Allergy Immunol<\/jats:italic> 2012: <jats:bold>23<\/jats:bold>: 339\u2013346.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Because of the unknown frequency of asthma and other common allergic diseases in children living in Belarus, we conducted a population\u2010based respiratory health survey. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of allergic diseases and major allergic symptoms in children of the Grodno Region (Western Belarus) and to examine their familial and environmental correlates.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in 2010 and included 2606 urban and 2422 rural children aged 6\u201316 years. Physician\u2010diagnosed respiratory diseases and symptoms were ascertained using the ISAAC questionnaire completed by the parents. Both family and environmental factors were examined for their association with respiratory health outcomes including asthma and spastic bronchitis. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to test associations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis was 1.39%, 10.25%, and 3.84%, respectively. Spastic bronchitis was reported for 6.74% of children. Chronic respiratory symptoms occurring in the past 12 months and suggestive of asthma included chest wheeze (9.71%) attacks of dyspnea at rest (1.77%), symptoms of hay fever (2.45%) attacks of sneezing and nasal congestion without a cold (6.78%), and recurrent itchy rash (13.48%). All diseases except for asthma and spastic bronchitis as well as symptoms of hay fever, congested nose and itchy rash were more frequent in urban than in rural children (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Results of multivariate logistic analysis confirmed associations (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) between asthma and parental asthma (OR\u2003=\u20034.82) and dampness in home (OR\u2003=\u20032.12) after adjustment for age, gender and place of residence. Spastic bronchitis in children who did not have a concurrent diagnosis of asthma was related (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) to parental asthma (OR\u2003=\u20032.18), dampness in the home (OR\u2003=\u20031.68) and less use of coal\u2010based heating (OR\u2003=\u20030.64). Allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema were associated (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) with parental asthma (OR\u2003=\u20035.07 and OR\u2003=\u20031.91, respectively), dampness (OR\u2003=\u20032.33 and OR\u2003=\u20031.51, respectively), lower parental education (OR\u2003=\u20030.74 and OR\u2003=\u20030.68, respectively) and household density (OR\u2003=\u20030.84 and OR\u2003=\u20030.92), respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The findings show a low prevalence of allergic diseases and symptoms in children of Western Belarus, following similar East\u2010West gradients described in the literature. All allergic disorders except asthma were less frequent in the rural population. A very low prevalence of childhood asthma and the possibility of underdiagosis of the disease in the surveyed population deserve further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01263.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T14:02:34Z","timestamp":1330005754000},"page":"339-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Allergic diseases and respiratory symptoms in urban and rural children in Grodno Region (Belarus)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Andrei","family":"Shpakou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Bro\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Stryzhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsiana","family":"Neviartovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Zejda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ISAAC Steering Committee: Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema: ISAAC.Lancet1998:351:1225\u201332.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-994OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2008.49.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.106609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina44120118","article-title":"Time trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergy among 6\u20137\u2010year\u2010old children. Results from ISAAC phase I and III studies in Kaunas, Lithuania","volume":"44","author":"Kudzyte J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms and childhood asthma","volume":"17","author":"Kasznia\u2010Kocot J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Morbidity of bronchial asthma in children of the Republic of Belarus on the results of long\u2010term monitoring [in Russian]","volume":"10","author":"Vasilevsky I","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicinskaja Panorama"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"336","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of asthma in school children\u2010ISAAC study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children) [in Polish]","volume":"71","author":"Lis G","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pneumonol Alergol Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00260802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Short\u2010term changes in the prevalence of childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis \u2013 epidemiological study in Lublin [in Polish]","volume":"57","author":"Emeryk A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Prevalence of bronchial asthma symptoms (ISAAC programme result) [in Russian]","volume":"1","author":"Luss LV","year":"2000","journal-title":"Asthma"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01457.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.12.1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.070169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"866","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms in schoolchildren in Poland (ISAAC study)","volume":"80","author":"Breborowicz A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.00640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9217-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6133.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Opposite Trends of allergic disorders and respiratory symptoms in children over a period of large\u2010scale ambient air pollution decline [in Polish]","volume":"19","author":"Bro\u017cek G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"The clinical protocol of diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Order of the Ministry of Health MZ RB No. 807 [in Russian]. Available at:http:\/\/minzdrav.gov.by\/cont\/lib.php?br_navb=382. Latest access date. 2011 August 1."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.6.1098"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3038.2011.01263.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01263.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T03:13:39Z","timestamp":1698635619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01263.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01263.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01263.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-6157","1399-3038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-6157","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]]}}}