{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:32:45Z","timestamp":1792074765126,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]],"date-time":"2005-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1111363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002<\/jats:bold> With the increasing use and improved survival rates of heart and lung transplantation as treatments for children with end\u2010stage heart or lung disease, attention is focusing on the longer term psychological implications of these procedures. This paper focuses on the changes in cognitive development and behaviour in a group of 47 children who were seen 12\u2003months and 2\u2003yr after transplantation. There were 24 boys and 23 girls, mean age at transplantation was 8.3\u2003yr (s.d. 5.3\u2003yr), with a range of 0.3\u201315.1\u2003yr. Assessments were made of developmental level, cognitive ability and problem behaviours, using previously validated measures, and comparisons were made with physically healthy children. For children under three and a half years of age there was a decrease over time in scores on all developmental parameters, with the change reaching significance on the scale assessing eye\u2013hand coordination and on the overall IQ. Whilst all scores were within the normal range, they were at a significantly lower level than those of the healthy children. In contrast, there were no changes over time on any measures of cognitive or academic ability for older children, with correlations between 12\u2003month and 2\u2003yr scores being highly significant. The rate of behaviour problems at home at 12\u2003months was 22%, compared with 34% at 2\u2003yr post\u2010transplant, which was higher than that found in the healthy children. Conversely, there was a drop in the prevalence of behaviour problems at school from 23% at 12\u2003months to 9% at 2\u2003yr. It is concluded that a significant minority of children and adolescents experience psychological difficulties 2\u2003yr after transplant, with particular areas of concern focusing on development in the younger children and the occurrence of behaviour problems at home across the age\u2010range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2005.00265.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]],"date-time":"2005-03-21T17:15:10Z","timestamp":1111425310000},"page":"170-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Beyond the first year after pediatric heart or heart\u2010lung transplantation: Changes in cognitive function and behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jo","family":"Wray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Radley\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_18_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(03)00184-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_3_2","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Impact of psychological functioning, medical severity and family functioning in pediatric heart transplantation","volume":"14","author":"DeMaso DR","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_4_2","first-page":"743","article-title":"Late follow\u2010up of children after heart transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Pahl E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.1.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_6_2","first-page":"329","article-title":"Pediatric heart transplantation: quality of life","volume":"6","author":"Lawrence KS","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Heart Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70270-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(03)00215-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200107150-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_10_2","first-page":"1160","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of pediatric heart transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Uzark KC","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2003.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_12_2","first-page":"S92","article-title":"Noncompliance in pediatric heart transplant patients (abstract)","volume":"12","author":"Douglas JF","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_13_2","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Incomplete adherence after pediatric heart and heart\u2010lung transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Serrano\u2010Ikkos E","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_14_2","first-page":"S211","article-title":"Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of infants undergoing heart transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Baum M","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-9813(00)00046-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_17_2","first-page":"848","article-title":"Session VII: Physiologic and psychological growth and development in pediatric heart transplant recipients","volume":"10","author":"Baum MF","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_18_2","volume-title":"The Abilities of Babies: a Study in Mental Measurement","author":"Griffiths R.","year":"1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_19_2","volume-title":"The Abilities of Young Children: a Comprehensive System of Mental Measurement for the First Eight Years of Life","author":"Griffiths R.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1127102"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.1980.tb00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.1985.tb00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_23_2","first-page":"405","article-title":"The use of tests by psychologists: report on a survey of BPS members","volume":"39","author":"Tyler B","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull Br Psychol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.5.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308491"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(05)80257-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200003000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_18_28_2","volume-title":"The British Ability Scales. 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