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We report on a field experiment with dark\u2010leaved willow, <jats:italic>Salix myrsinifolia<\/jats:italic>, subjected to enhancements in ultraviolet\u2010A (UVA), UVB radiation and temperature, setup in Joensuu, Eastern Finland. <jats:italic>S. myrsinifolia<\/jats:italic> is a dioecious species, known as an important food plant for many herbivores. Cuttings of eight clones, four of each sex, of dark\u2010leaved willow were planted in the field in spring 2009. In both 2009 and 2010, the total biomass increased significantly with temperature, and in 2010 there was an additive effect of UVB radiation. Both height and diameter increased with temperature in 2009, while the effect on height growth ceased in 2010. Males had greater diameter growth than females in 2010. Most phenolic compounds in the leaves decreased under enhanced temperature in both growing seasons. In 2010, four of six salicylates increased in response to enhanced temperature. Some quercetin derivatives increased under enhanced UVB radiation. Females had higher concentrations of chlorogenic acids than males, and while enhanced temperature reduced chlorogenic acid in females only, luteolins were reduced only in males. In summary, the combined enhancements gave no effects in addition to those that appeared under the single\u2010factor treatments, except for the additive effect of UVB on temperature\u2010increased biomass. The few gender\u2010related differences found in response to climate change do not allow any marked expectations of future climate\u2010induced changes in sex ratios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2011.01565.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]],"date-time":"2011-12-25T00:16:34Z","timestamp":1324772194000},"page":"551-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Combined enhancements of temperature and UVB influence growth and phenolics in clones of the sexually dimorphic <i>Salix myrsinifolia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Line","family":"Nybakken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riia","family":"H\u00f6rkk\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Julkunen\u2010Tiitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(97)10135-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-010-9757-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0pp90035d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/284836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Photobiology, Second Book.","author":"Bj\u00f6rn 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