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Treatments with ethylene or ethylene antagonists indicated lack of ethylene involvement. Auxins or auxin inhibitors also did not change the time to senescence. Abscisic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABA<\/jats:styled-content>) hastened senescence, but an inhibitor of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABA<\/jats:styled-content>synthesis (norflurazon) had no effect. Gibberellic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) slightly delayed senescence in some experiments, but in other experiments it was without effect, and gibberellin inhibitors [ancymidol or 4\u2010hydroxy\u20105\u2010isopropyl\u20102\u2010methylphenyltrimethyl ammonium chloride\u20101\u2010piperidine carboxylate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101618)] were ineffective as well. Salicylic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>) also had no effect. Ethylene, auxins,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>affected flower opening, therefore did reach the flower cells. Jasmonates delayed senescence by about 2.0 days. Similarly, cytokinins delayed senescence by about 1.5\u20132.0 days. Antagonists of the phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathway (lithium), calcium channels (niguldipine and verapamil), calmodulin action [fluphenazine, trifluoroperazine, phenoxybenzamide and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010(6\u2010aminohexyl)\u20105\u2010chloro\u20101\u2010naphtalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W\u20107)] or protein kinase activity [1\u2010(5\u2010isoquinolinesulfonyl)\u20102\u2010methylpiperazine hydrochloride (H\u20107),<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010[2\u2010(methylamino)ethyl]\u20105\u2010isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (H\u20108) and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010(2\u2010aminoethyl)\u20105\u2010isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H\u20109)] had no effect on senescence, indicating no role of a few common signal transduction pathways relating to hormone effects on senescence. The results indicate that tepal senescence in<jats:italic>Iris<\/jats:italic>cv. Blue Magic is not regulated by endogenous ethylene, auxin, gibberellins or SA. A role of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABA<\/jats:styled-content>can at present not be excluded. The data suggest the hypothesis that cytokinins and jasmonates are among the natural regulators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2012.01690.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,14]],"date-time":"2012-09-14T03:21:17Z","timestamp":1347592877000},"page":"105-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Delay of<i>Iris<\/i>flower senescence by cytokinins and jasmonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Wouter G.","family":"van Doorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group (AFSG) Wageningen University Research Centre P.O. 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