{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:03:55Z","timestamp":1792292635645,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]],"date-time":"2011-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>M.G.J. de Boer, F.P. Kroon, S. le Cessie, J.W. de Fijter, J.T. van Dissel. Risk factors for <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients and appraisal of strategies for selective use of chemoprophylaxis.\u2028Transpl Infect Dis 2011: <jats:bold>13:<\/jats:bold> 559\u2013569. All rights reserved<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Abstract: <\/jats:bold> Risk stratification\u2010based duration of trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2010SMX) chemoprophylaxis to prevent <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PCP) in kidney transplant recipients is not a universally adapted strategy and supporting evidence\u2010based sources are limited. We performed a large retrospective study to identify risk factors for PCP in kidney transplant recipients and to define parameters for use in clinical prophylaxis guidelines. Fifty consecutive patients with confirmed PCP and 2 time\u2010matched controls per case were enrolled. All patients were participants of the kidney transplantation program of the Leiden University Medical Center, a tertiary care hospital in the Netherlands. Potential risk factors were compared between groups by uni\u2010 and multivariate matched analyses. At transplantation, age &gt;55 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3\u20135.9) and not receiving basiliximab induction therapy (adjusted OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.1\u201317.1) predicted development of PCP. In the final multivariate analysis, only cytomegalovirus infection (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2\u20137.9) and rejection treatment (adjusted OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.9\u201318) were found to be independently associated with PCP. Using the variables identified by the multivariate analyses, effects of different hypothetical chemoprophylaxis strategies were systematically evaluated. Exploring different scenarios showed that chemoprophylaxis in the first 6 months for all renal transplant patients \u2013 and during the first year posttransplantation for patients &gt;55 years of age or those treated for rejection \u2013 would result in very low PCP incidence and optimal avoidance of TMP\u2010SMX toxicity. The results provide a rationale for further prospective study on targeted provision of chemoprophylaxis to prevent PCP in kidney transplant patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00645.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]],"date-time":"2011-06-21T09:51:11Z","timestamp":1308649871000},"page":"559-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Risk factors for <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/i>\u2003pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients and appraisal of strategies for selective use of chemoprophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M.G.J.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.P.","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"le Cessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.W.","family":"de Fijter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.T.","family":"van Dissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"401","article-title":"Infectious complications after kidney transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Alangaden GJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"current epidemiology and associated risk factors"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6806"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"EBPG Expert Group on Renal Transplantation European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. 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