{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:21:10Z","timestamp":1790774470028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]],"date-time":"2011-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>S.A. Grim, L. Proia, R. Miller, M. Alhyraba, A. Costas\u2010Chavarri, J. Oberholzer, N.M. Clark. A multicenter study of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis after solid organ transplantation.\u2028Transpl Infect Dis 2011. All rights reserved<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold>\n                    A review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 30 solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) with histoplasmosis or blastomycosis from 3 Midwestern academic medical centers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The endemic fungal pathogens,\n                    <jats:italic>Histoplasma capsulatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Blastomyces dermatitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , may cause severe infection in SOTRs. In this report, we describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of these endemic fungal infections (EFIs) among SOTRs at 3 academic transplant centers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective review was conducted of SOTRs with histoplasmosis or blastomycosis from 3 Midwestern medical centers in the United States. Data collected included demographics, immunosuppression, clinical presentation, method of diagnosis, antifungal treatment, response to therapy, and patient and graft survival.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Between 1996 and 2008, 30 transplant recipients with histoplasmosis or blastomycosis were identified, giving a cumulative incidence of infection of 0.50% (30\/5989); 73% of the study patients were renal transplant recipients, and the median time to disease onset after transplantation was 10.5 months. The lungs were the most common site of infection (83%), and 60% had disseminated disease. Urine antigen testing was positive in all patients in whom it was performed (23\/23). Initial antifungal therapy consisted of amphotericin B in 70%, and 87% received azoles, typically itraconazole (83%). Two patients developed relapsed infection and 7 patients had graft failure after EFI. Overall mortality was 30%, with an attributable mortality of 13%.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    As in several previous single\u2010center studies, the incidence of post\u2010transplant histoplasmosis and blastomycosis was &lt;1%, but often resulted in disseminated infection. In this cohort, EFI was associated with a high rate of allograft loss and overall mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00658.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]],"date-time":"2011-07-12T09:43:53Z","timestamp":1310463833000},"page":"17-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["A multicenter study of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis after solid organ transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"S.A.","family":"Grim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Proia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alhyraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Costas\u2010Chavarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Oberholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.M.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588300"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"710","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"49","author":"Cuellar\u2010Rodriguez J","year":"2009","journal-title":"10 years of experience at a large transplant center in an endemic area"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8365.2005.00105.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2007.00227.x","article-title":"Blastomycosis in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"9","author":"Gauthier GM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients","volume":"50","author":"Pappas PG","year":"2010","journal-title":"results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010193431605"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"232","article-title":"Transmission of disseminated histoplasmosis via cadaveric renal transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Wong SY","year":"1992","journal-title":"case report"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants","volume":"34","author":"Ascioglu S","year":"2002","journal-title":"an international consensus"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350040093012","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients. Two large urban outbreaks","volume":"143","author":"Wheat LJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199309000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4873-4875.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649056"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Freifeld AG","year":"2009","journal-title":"early diagnosis and treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00071-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00367-X"}],"container-title":["Transplant Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3062.2011.00658.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00658.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:42:16Z","timestamp":1698626536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00658.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00658.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00658.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.12724964.13988065","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1398-2273","1399-3062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-2273","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]]}}}