{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:09:50Z","timestamp":1790395790931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transplant Infectious Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites, more closely related to fungi than protozoa on molecular phylogenetic analysis, and are known to be a rare cause of opportunistic infection in immune compromised patients including human immunodeficiency virus\u2010positive patients and solid organ transplant recipients. We report the first case to our knowledge of microsporidial myositis in a lung transplant recipient. He was 49\u00a0years old and had received a lung transplant in 2000 for cystic fibrosis. He presented in 2009 with fevers, chronic diarrhea, myalgia, and pancytopenia, and developed progressive weakness and neurological symptoms before his death 35\u00a0days after hospital admission. Multiple investigations, including stool culture, rectal biopsy, colonoscopy, cerebrospinal fluid examination, bone marrow biopsy, lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage, failed to reveal a definite cause for the patient's deterioration. The diagnosis of microsporidial infection was made on post\u2010mortem light microscopic examination of tissue sections of the tongue and deltoid muscle. Light microscopy diagnosed a microsporidial myositis, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, which suggested that the organism was\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rachiola\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    species. The identity of the organism was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction as\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rachiola algerae\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    (recently renamed\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      nncaliia algerae\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The case highlights the need to consider protozoal organisms in the differential diagnosis of myalgia and multisystemic infections in immune compromised patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00724.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T16:49:28Z","timestamp":1330966168000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Myositis due to the microsporidian\n                    <i>\n                      <scp>A<\/scp>\n                      nncaliia (\n                      <scp>B<\/scp>\n                      rachiola) algerae\n                    <\/i>\n                    in a lung transplant recipient"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A.S.","family":"Field","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.Y.","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Morey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomical Pathology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Plit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.U.","family":"Canning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Glanville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine St Vincent's Hospital Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Microsporidia of Vertebrates","author":"Canning EU","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000060362"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2008.00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-102-5-628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.11.2803-2811.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032655"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Microsporidia in HIV\u2010infected patients in Sydney, Australia; 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